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November 2019

Empathy and Revelation: A Review of Asylum: Improvisations on John Clare
by Lola Haskins (Pitt, 2019; $17) and
Every Ravening Thing,
by Monica de la O (Pitt, 2019; $17)

by Michael Hettich

   For the past half-century or so, North American poetry has been experiencing a minor Renaissance. While there are few if any towering figures among us, there are countless first-rate artists—smaller in ambition (or hubris) perhaps, but nevertheless astonishing in their intelligence and craft. There is no dominant mode in our current poetry, and what “schools” there are exert little influence on the practice of most mainstream poets. So, while there may be few era-defining poems being declaimed, the ground is rich with undergrowth and the woods are dark and deeper than they’ve (almost) ever been before. There are many reasons for this rich and interesting state of affairs, ranging from the nightmares of our politics and impending climate change, to the increasing proliferation of MFA programs, and to the ever-smaller base of readership across all modes of literature. Whatever the reasons, we are in a rich and interesting time in poetry.

   Two excellent examples of the rousing vitality of our poetry have been published this year in the prestigious Pitt Poetry series. In Asylum: Improvisations on John Clare, Lola Haskins presents the kind of spiritual journey John Clare might have taken in 1841 if, when he escaped the madhouse, he’d been traveling in his head rather than on his feet. Haskins’ work here is spare, honed to a sharp and flinty precision. She travels deep into Clare’s mind and spirit to reveal profound and deeply moving illuminations about his—and her own—spiritual core. Monica de la O’s Every Ravening Thing embraces quite a different strategy toward empathy and revelation: Her poems tend toward the lush and oracular, embracing, in the words of Chase Twichell, “a profound empathy for human suffering of all kinds.” Thus, while both poets look beyond their own lives to find their subjects, Haskins’ gaze is essentially inward and intimate while de la O’s is outward and public. We might even say—imprecisely—that these two poets manifest and reify the two great strains in North American poetry—that flowing from Dickinson on the one hand and from Whitman on the other. Even at her most widely-embracing and outward-looking, Haskins is essentially a poet for whom less is more, a poet whose very line breaks carry nuance and revelation. de la O’s more raucous and less exacting work offers a wider, wilder embrace in which the poet yearns “to walk alone at night/beneath the skirts of leaves and reach up//to touch the hem, just close enough/as darkness sharpens the moon’s golden knife” (“The Essence of Water”). Both books are exemplary in their control of craft, tone, and form, and both books are full of fully-realized poems, unique and beautiful contributions to our literature.

   Haskins’ Asylum is framed by quotes from the diary John Clare kept in 1841, “describing his escape from Dr. Matthew Arnold’s private insane asylum...and his subsequent struggle to find his way home, where he hoped to reunite with Mary, who’d been his childhood sweetheart” (ix).  Haskins considers these poems “improvisations...I see Clare’s changing mental states as matches and my poems as the resulting fire” (ix). Asylum is composed of four distinct sections or movements. In the opening section, Haskins embarks on her journey with as little direction as Clare had, and yet, after wandering literal and figurative paths, she finally reaches her destination, having learned from Clare that she can “be homeless at home and half-gratified to find I can be happy anywhere” (55). In essence, Haskins evokes the voice and spirit of John Clare in order to more fully enter her own core being, her own true voice. This astonishing act of ventriloquism allows her access to deeper regions of her own psyche than she would otherwise find her way to, regions where she can truly inhabit “herself” and, by being lost, find her truest home. Thus Haskins’ book, though made up of beautifully crafted individual poems, must be read as a book to be fully comprehended. Still, the individual poems are exquisite in their exactness and understated power. Haskins’ ear is perfect-pitched:

Serenade

Soon your small yellow leaves
will become meteors

falling through the dark as
each of us will fall

no matter how hard we love,
no matter how close we come

to composing a line that the angels
would recite, if only there

were such a perfect line,
if only there were angels.
       (pg 12)

   In In Every Ravening Thing, Monica de la O’s empathy works in a different, equally powerful if more conventional and familiar manner. Her empathy extends outward, toward the suffering of others--humans as well as sentient and non-sentient beings. She has described her work as “a reclamation from silence, a reckoning with the far-ranging consequences of violence, from the war on women and girls to the freight carried by veterans to the assault on the natural world in this epoch of the sixth extinction” (“Book News”). The fact that this astonishing ambition for her poetry is actually realized in many of the poems in the collection is testament to this poet’s courage, conviction and artistry. This is poetry meant to open hearts and change attitudes in fundamental and necessary ways, poetry of witness and utility. It is also often deeply moving:

For a Young Woman Dead at Twenty

She liked to slow-walk, heat-held, alone in groves behind the dorm
a sultry September night, lonely girl,
green-growing inside, tongue-tied in English class.

All those tongues tolling the bell, the knell, the gong: gone...gone...gone.
All that speculation, yawp and pang,
those letters home to our parents.

I keep my mouth shut, but the pang hammers away like a clock
wrapped around three sticks of dynamite,
heart sproketed, wheels engaged.

To walk alone at night for sweet relief
when heat clamps us in a vise,
they warn us to never.

I’m all haywire, blast-bound, rocked:
another trashcan fire, another girl defaced, defrocked,
and then comes grief.

Her name is Lois.
                   (pg 26)

   De la O’s is a poetry of ravenous witness, while Haskins’ is one that might be called empathetic ventriloquism. Neither of these summations captures their rare and haunting work though, as Haskins’ precision evokes universal themes and insights through her very restraint while de la O’s more oracular voice often captures the nuances of the particular. As different as these two poets are, both are profoundly Romantic in the best and most “American” sense of that word. Like Emerson, Dickinson and Whitman in their different ways, Haskins and de la O articulate a shared sense that poetry possesses a kind of transcendent power—capable of transforming lives by awakening a kind of non-denominational grace: that sense that the whole world is numinous, as vivid as we are, and as alive. We are humbled and made larger by their songs.

Michael Hettich’s most recent book of poetry is To Start an Orchard, published in September 2019 by Press 53.

Sunshine State
by Gregg Shapiro
NightBallet Press, 2019
978-1-64092-963-0

by Freesia McKee

As a transplanted Midwesterner, the longer I live in Florida, the more I realize there might be, indeed, a certain school of Florida poetry. We’re not as well-known as the New York School, but we can perhaps claim the mantle of “Most Quirky.”

Gregg Shapiro’s new chapbook Sunshine State (NightBallet Press, 2019) shouts a confident “Here!” during roll call at the local meeting of the Florida Observers of the Zany. Readers will recognize Aventura Mall, I-95, the Wynwood Walls, Fort Lauderdale, and North Miami—not to mention televised weather news, the “dryly discreet/language” of palm trees, sawgrass, palmetto bugs, termites, and “grinning realtors, tan and sexy mortgage/lenders.”

Shapiro’s poems outline typical Floridian joys and worries—hurricane prep, the fear associated with life in a gun-toting Red State, losing sleep in the subtropics, and marveling at the kind of outdoor art possible only in a place where it doesn’t snow. These narrative poems are a documentary of Florida life, but they also go beyond the peninsula. Shapiro’s speaker mixes humor and gravity whether he’s eating peas, enraptured in a Proustian, gustatory memory; giving away the artifacts of a beloved late dog; or analyzing the propensity to overshare on Facebook.

As I write this review, I am sitting at a bar in North Miami listening to a pair of bro’s say the same sentence over and over: “Women shed hair.” (I decided against revealing that women do not shed—most of us shave, or in the case of South Florida, wax.) Hours earlier, I laughed heartily at a dark joke about a car and an iguana. What I see so acutely in Shapiro’s poems are these strange Florida moments, increasingly familiar the longer I live here: “Tony thinks he saw Katy Perry on a Broward/County transit bus but was unsure of how to approach her” or “The last-minute purchase of floor-model generators/plastic gas cans, 10W-30 oil, waterproof power cords,//and where to safely and dryly store receipts for easy access.”

Or, how about these, lines that make me consider the possibility of a reptilian makeup tutorial on YouTube: “Down here, lizards of varying sizes and shapes, capable/of assorted velocities, offer camouflage tutorials, blending/brown as roots, vivid green as sawgrass palm fronds,/verdant foliage. But what if there’s nowhere to hide…”

The detailed descriptions of decoration and scenery have always shined for me in Shapiro’s poetry. Sunshine State never leaves readers in want of a fuller picture, a more complete scene.

Every semester, I tell my students that no matter what one is writing about, there is a way to make it interesting. Even laundry, I say to my students. But it isn’t, until now, that I have had a poem to illustrate my example. Shapiro, dear reader, writes compellingly, yes, even about laundry: “The laundry/basket, full of clean, unfolded clothes in the walk-in closet is empty, drawers/and shelves and racks neatly overflowing. Your high concept of alphabetical/t-shirt organization by color is unexpectedly a reality.” It’s the depth of description, the exactness, that appeals to me.

Shapiro isn’t a formalist, per se, but he is paying attention to form. Octets, tercets, and more: he’s unearthed the special shape each poem demands. “Goodnight Poltergeist” is composed of two thirteen-line (spooky!) stanzas. “Following Hurricane Erika” unfurls in unsettling tercets. “Peas for Breakfast” takes the shape of a pleasing stack of six five-line aluminum stanzas.

If stanza shape and size are closely attended to, I should also mention the book itself as object. Published in a small run by NightBallet Press, Sunshine State’s paper is sandy, beachy, textured. The cover art by Timothy Gaewsky is groovy—a sunburst, a kaleidoscope—and a nod to the aforementioned Wynwood Walls. This level of attention to tactile and visual detail is one of the special aspects of small press chapbooks.

Bringing some levity to typical Floridian worries, Sunshine State is Gregg Shapiro at his best. Funny, observant, political, and descriptive, the sun sets somewhere over the Everglades in this collection of seventeen poems after a long, bright day of antics.

It’s time for me to end this review. Shapiro’s not lying; Florida is a strange and variegated place. At the next table, the same two men are arguing over whether their friend’s butt is “real.” Social media photos are being considered and exchanged.

I need to get out of here, finish my drink, eat the last of these greasy potato skins. Shapiro is a long-time entertainment and restaurant critic for the gay press and beyond. I’m not sure what he’d think of this dubious bar food, but I know he would describe it well. I’m also sure that, ever the poet, he’d look beyond the watery tables at the palm trees, the skittering geckos, these dilapidated high-rise apartment buildings, and the crescent moon.

Freesia McKee is author of the chapbook How Distant the City (Headmistress Press, 2017). Her words have appeared in cream city review, The Feminist Wire, Painted Bride Quarterly, Gertrude, So to Speak, Nimrod International Journal, and the Ms. Magazine Blog. Freesia's poetry is forthcoming in CALYX, Apalachee Review, and Flyway. Her book reviews have appeared in South Florida Poetry Journal, Gulf Stream, and The Drunken Odyssey. Freesia is the winner of the 2018 Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry, chosen by Sarah Vap.

August 2019

Full-Metal Indigiqueer
by Joshua Whitehead
Talonbooks, 2017
978-1-77201-187-6

by Freesia McKee

Joshua Whitehead is “a resistant reader, a resurgent writer[period]” and goes on to ask, “what does it mean to be an indigiqueer[questionmark] queer, digital, futuristic, punk, cyber, bio, antiessential, scientific, traditional, reactionary, revolutionary, theorizing chaos, materializing worlds.” He poses this question in the acknowledgements of his 2017 collection Full-Metal Indigiqueer.

After getting about halfway through the book, I turned to my partner and said, “I haven’t read poems like this before.” I kept opening the pages of the book and exclaiming Look! I wanted her to see the ways the text is arranged across the page, the multitude of graphic illustrations and photographs, the dynamic and unconventional uses of punctuation, and the successful experiments Whitehead conducts when he eliminates spaces between words.

For me, the reading experience of Full-Metal Indigiqueer was thrilling, invigorating, and provocative. It’s not just that the book is linguistically experimental, though it is:

iam
the beating of my heartdrum
iam:wonderously amused
iam:[injun]
iam:[unity]
iam:myshame&thatsokay
iam:wheremisery
becomes:[my]story
iam --
iam
iam

It’s not just that Full-Metal Indigiqueer is political. Whitehead discusses the ways that bodies are automatically culturally-politicized targets of violence:

heygranheygranheygranheygran

ill let you be
& stop being sickning
I bet youre busy
cooking macaroni&tomatosoup
for more than twelve hundred missing murdered women,
girls & 2S folk

And it’s not just that that the book is deeply intertextual, though it is. The Sources section at the end takes up three pages and the list ranges from Seinfeld to Hannah Arendt to RuPaul to James Baldwin to Jennifer Hudson, Tim Burton, George R.R. Martin, Truman Capote, Edward Spenser, Zora Neale Hurston, Rihanna, Matt Groening, Sylvia Plath, and CBS News. This is the canon from which Whitehead pulls.

It’s also the keen attention to cyberspace as place, as territory, and as a site of belonging and alienation. This examination of cyberspace as territory and place allows us to think about physical land and the terrains of the body in new ways.

This is not an easy book to read—not only is the text experimental, but most of the poems live inside of trauma and pain related to shame, homophobia, genocide, and the ongoing epidemic of missing and murdered indigenous women, girls, and two-spirit people.

As I write this review, I am thinking about the way that the poet Audre Lorde would famously walk into a room or start an event by naming her identities: “I am a black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.” There is power in naming and claiming all of oneself, and among other points of notable significance, naming the truth is one role that poetry has in making social change.

Full-Metal Indigiqueer starts with white dot on a black page. The dot gets bigger and bigger over the next pages like a flipbook. “H3R314M” (HERE I AM), we see within the growing dot. Whitehead writes, “iam”/”I am”/”14M” repeatedly throughout the poems.

Whitehead is naming and claiming. However, he also problematizes this act, noting that names can exist for other people’s comfort:

i am my own best thing
my name[questionmark]
i have no need for names

Many of us think about cyberspace as a potentially anonymous space, a space where we can name ourselves anew or have no name at all. Many of us will remember the days when we first used screenname pseudonyms. We remember when popular wisdom dictated we not include our government names in our email addresses. Whitehead maintains a historicity of digital existence in poems where the speaker becomes almost a computer.

A sequence later in the book begins each poem with a kind of coding that clues readers in to Whitehead’s sources and what is to come:

: :: : :: :: : : :: :: :: :: ::: ::::: : ::: :: ::: :::[instealling miltonsoftware]:: :: :: ::::: : :: :: :::: : : :: :press: :: :::: ::x: :: ::: :: :: :: :::: : :: ::[instealling. . .]: :: :: :: : ::[instealling. . .]: :: :: :::: :: ::: : [insteallation complete]: :: :: :: :::::: ::::[runningpro(1,0)zoaprogram]: :::: ::: : ::: :: ::
:[target] : ::: ::: : :::[re|decolonizing]: :: :::: :: ::::: :: ::: :: :: :: : :[indigenizationcomplete]:

Whitehead computes/quantifies/creates new language for social issues and indigiqueer identities. I am reminded of the phrase “this does not compute” and how that reflects on the human coder, the input, and the established program alike.

Interestingly, Whitehead’s physical-digital transmogrification reaches readers through a paper book. As a reader, this multi-modal collection of poetry allowed me to think about voice and anonymity in new ways. I closed the book having listened to a new language of existence and resistance.

Freesia McKee is author of the chapbook How Distant the City (Headmistress Press, 2017). Her words have appeared in cream city review, The Feminist Wire, Painted Bride Quarterly, Gertrude, So to Speak, Nimrod International Journal, and the Ms. Magazine Blog. Freesia's poetry is forthcoming in CALYX, Apalachee Review, and Flyway. Her book reviews have appeared in South Florida Poetry Journal, Gulf Stream, and The Drunken Odyssey. Freesia is the winner of the 2018 Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry, chosen by Sarah Vap.

Of Mentors, Friends, and Kin: A review of To Float in the Space Between, by Terrance Hayes
(Wave Books, 2018, $25.00)

by Michael Hettich

   Terrance Hayes’s To Float in the Space Between is a deeply personal examination of the work and life of the poet Etheridge Knight presented through a collage of short essays, poems, drawings, and lists that vividly evoke Knight’s searing art and fractured life as well as the profound effect these things have had on Hayes, one of the most vital and interesting poets at work today. Simultaneously funny, moving, insightful and just plain entertaining, this book manages to be both a critical/academic analysis of Knight’s work, an homage to that work and life, and a meditation on family, race, influence and love. Drawn from the Bagley Wright Lecture Series, To Float in the Space Between has the feel of deeply-engaged improvisation both in its individual sections and in the juxtaposition of these sections across the arc of text. It is in fact that rare critical text that is itself an original work of art, a book of literary analysis that thinks and moves like a poem. In short, it is an astounding achievement.
   Opening with a wide-ranging discussion of “The Idea of Ancestry,” a poem from Knight’s first book, Poems from Prison (1968), Hayes asks his readers to “consider this collection of essays as speculative, motley, and adrift as Knight himself,” a poet who remains both “a muse and a mystery” to the author. In the same opening essay, Hayes provides a precisely-articulated statement of his approach: “The scholar looks upon his subject as if through a window...A clear pane of logic, interpretation, and appreciation separates him from his subject. Conversely, a poet looking upon the poetry of another poet sees something of himself reflected in the pane...A poet looks upon the work of another poet not only through a window but also through a mirror.” Then, going further and evoking Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire, Hayes suggests that, at least for a poet whose engagement with his subject is as personal and complex as is his with Knight, “the window is a mirror.” He might “lift the window and climb, as a Peeping Tom (or Goldilocks) would, into the lines of his subject.” He closes this passage by ruminating over whether imagination can be a form of critical study and ends with, “For more than a decade I have been imagining my way into the slants and shades of Etheridge Knight.” Such is the complex but absolutely accessible methodology of this book, and the source of its originality and delight.
   To Float in the Space Between is about many things, but at its core it is about poetry as a life-force, a means of being fully present in the world. For Hayes, poetry is a hugely-various, multi-faceted source of personal and cultural energy. Hayes’s embrace is discerning, enthusiastic, engaged and, indeed, life-affirming. Among the poets discussed here are such diverse voices as Amiri Baraka, Robert Bly, Fran Quinn, Robert Lowell, Henry Taylor, Wislaw Szamborska, Sonia Sanchez, Yusef Komunyakaa, Lucille Clifton, Gwendolyn Brooks and William Wordsworth—and there is an equal number of figures from the worlds of criticism, politics, pop culture and philosophy, among them Zygmunt Bauman, the Polish-born philosopher and critic whose concept of “liquidity” Hayes considers from various angles and applications. The aesthetics of “liquidity” provides the basis for one of the central concepts of the book, as well as some of its most beautiful passages:

   The poetics of liquid is the poetics of wind. The poetics of liquid is the poetics of escape,    the poetics of doors and windows. The poetics of liquid is the poetics of hallucination. It    is the poetics of blood...

   Poetics, like voice, can hold multiple registers and experiences and interests; poetics, like    a voice, is more than a reflection of identity...Poetics is a reflection of being being.

   Its originality, verve, open-minded embrace and overall capaciousness make To Float in the Space Between tremendously difficult to encapsulate in a short review. Much of the book sings like “a moment of poetry so diverse no particular philosophy could hold it” and yet it is full of philosophy, useful and exciting ideas applied and adjusted and reapplied. Like the best moments of improvisation, when the small self seems to be lost to the music and the music an expression of the self beneath and beyond the “self,” this book sings with its subjects and with its own language, reaching toward something larger than can ever be grasped, whose pleasure, whose largeness, whose very being is enacted in the reach. The multitudes it contains are truly breathtaking, simultaneously grounded and soaring--like a flock of rare birds we squint to admire just as they disappear into the blue...
   To Float in the Space Between is a book to read and re-read, to ponder, to argue with, and to emulate. It is also a book of sage advice: “Be honest, be stupid, be brave.”

Michael Hettich’s most recent book of poems is Bluer and More Vast, published by Hysterical Press in 2018. A new book, To Start an Orchard, is forthcoming.

May 2019

American Letters: works on paper
by giovanni singleton Canarium Books,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 978-0-9969827

by Freesia McKee

I’m teaching a workshop later this summer on how poets use found material, erasure, and epigraphs, so when I picked up giovanni singleton’s American Letters: works on paper at an AWP off-site event table this year, I knew I had to get myself a copy.

As singleton notes in the forward to the first sequence of poems, she is writing into “a lineage of African American and African Diasporic avant-garde/experimental/oppositional writing.” Expanding even the idea of the poetic line itself, singleton uses illustration, diagram, collage, and other visual tools that take advantage of the page’s full plane.

This first sequence uses call numbers to create concrete poems in the shape of a cross and a flag. The third in the sequence is a poem without any body at all, just a blank page titled “EXHIBIT C: American Letters.” These works make a statement about who is allowed in the hegemonic “American letters” and who is left out.

“American letters” is a term that has been used to refer to this country’s artistic canon of merit. Unfortunately, “American letters” can be a problematic term because what’s included in the canon is influenced by racist, sexist, and other exclusionary attitudes. There are also issues of access and myopia. “how many inscriptions and nouns/come to believe only themselves” singleton writes.

singleton’s American Letters reclaims the term for Black experimental creators and uses a variety of experimental techniques to bring these creators into the “room” of the book. If the word “stanza” means “room,” singleton has broken down all four walls, lifted off the ceiling, and busted in the floor. This is how expansive these poems are.

The book is divided into thirteen chapters with tributes to Black experimental artists throughout the text. For instance, “cagedbird” refers to, of course, Maya Angelou, but also Charlie “Bird” Parker. “bird bird Ju Ju bird drum bird Charlie bird Parker bird i'm for the/birds not the cages people put them in bird john john bird cage bird” one poem reads called “PERFORMANCE SCORE for cagedbird.” Handwritten text and typed text leapfrog over each other. At the bottom of the page is a note: “*Every occurrence of ‘bird’ acts as a site for improvisation.”

Improvisation is a huge theme in the book. Another untitled poem in the sequence “worldview(s)” has a similar note, that “Every occurrence of ‘mu’ acts as a site for improvisation.”

mu mu mu mu mu mu mu
no no no no no no no
does a dog does a dog does a dog does a dog does a dog does a dog does a dog
mu mu mu mu mu mu mu

The poem continues on for a full page, with some text actually written over other text like a palimpsest. Alice Coltrane is also a prominent figure in the section. An “eternity” clock made of her name reminds readers of her 1975 album Eternity.

The next sequence involves several “mesostic” poems. Misostic poems like similar to acrostics, but the letter of significance bisects anywhere in the line, not necessarily at the beginning. There are tributes to Alice Coltrane, Sun Ra, Nina Simone, and Bob Kaufman and several of Bob Kaufman’s books. “chambeRs/illuminAte/jupIter’s feverish/daNce” goes the last poem in the sequence, “The Ancient Rain: a mesostic after Bob Kaufman.”

There are poems that riff on the notion of the square root, placing words and illustrations (in one case, the American flag) within the equation. It’s exciting to me that math plays a role, touching on the idea that what some consider the objective truth of “American letters” is actually subjective.

One poem’s a bingo card, another’s a honeycomb made constructed of the word “be,” other poems are trees, and others are prose poems consisting of “dad” and synonyms like “dada,” “father,” and “daddy.”

One page reads, simply, “Some identification, please…” and is followed by several concrete poems in which words create 3-D boxes on the page. Terms like “African-American,” “feminist,” “straight,” and “workingclass” are typed over and over in lines that form these boxes, bringing to mind what it means to be out of the box, boxed in, boxed out, right-angled, right, etc.

Because of the way many of us are trained in high school English classes, there can be a pressure to understand experimental work through traditional (even, perhaps Eurocentric) analysis. We’re taught that there’s one right answer, and that it’s the reader’s job to find it.

However, I have gotten to a place where I don’t find that as satisfying as being present with the questions experimentation brings up. What stands out about American Letters is the range of techniques singleton uses. It’s sort of like going to a great art exhibition—there is tremendous texture and provocation. When you step away from the book—the exhibit—your mind is filled with images, not just words.

Freesia McKee is author of the chapbook How Distant the City (Headmistress Press, 2017). Her words have appeared in cream city review, The Feminist Wire, Painted Bride Quarterly, Gertrude, So to Speak, Nimrod International Journal, and the Ms. Magazine Blog. Freesia's poetry is forthcoming in CALYX, Apalachee Review, and Flyway. Her book reviews have appeared in South Florida Poetry Journal, Gulf Stream, and The Drunken Odyssey. Freesia is the winner of the 2018 Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry, chosen by Sarah Vap.

American Surreal: A Review of Collected Poems, by Robert Bly. Norton, 2018. $39.95

by Michael Hettich

For over fifty years, Robert Bly has been one of our essential poets, a writer who has transformed the landscape of American poetry through his editing, translations, anthologies and, of course, his own poetry. Starting in the early 1950s with The Fifties, the magazine of poetry and poetics that later became The Sixties and The Seventies, Bly challenged the orthodoxies of Modernist and New-Critical verse, arguing for the more surrealist-influenced approaches of the Latin-American, Eastern-European and Scandinavian poets he translated and published. His passionate arguments for a poetry employing mythology, Jungian psychology and pre-Christian religion, a poetry of wild juxtapositions and imagery, seeded the ground for the “Deep Image” school of American poetry, which transformed the poetics of such major figures as WS Merwin and James Wright as well as a host of lesser figures. He also published a number of influential anthologies and books of criticism, including American Poetry: Wildness and Domesticity (1990), which further opened the field. In fact, the “Deep Image” poetry that Bly pioneered was matched only by that of the Beats and the Confessionals in its influence on American poets in the mid-1960s and later. That influence resonates to this day.
   Starting in 1963, with Silence in the Snowy Fields, Bly has published 15 full-length books of poetry along with substantial (and best-selling) works of cultural analysis including Iron John (1990) and The Sibling Society (1996), books that, along with his flamboyant, histrionic reading style, made him in later years something of a pariah in the insular world of academic American poetry. Now, at over 500 pages, Collected Poems reifies his position as a major figure in American poetry if not quite a major poet himself. It is essential reading for anyone interested in postwar American literature.
   From the outset, Bly’s writing has been unapologetically messy. For every fully-realized poem he has also written two howlers and one near-miss. He has the clumsiest ear of any important American poet, and many of his poems feel as though they would need a few more revisions to fully find themselves. This was true in his first book, and it is true in his most recent. In fact, he is the most deeply flawed near-major poet I can think of. He is also one of the most popular, that rare poet with a large readership. Reading through his work now is an exhilarating, frustrating and satisfying in equal measure. Collected Poems is a profound and essential book as much for its flaws as for its strengths. It should be read, discussed and argued over for years.
   Although many of his concerns and enthusiasms have remained constant over the years, this collected volume allows us to see Bly’s poetry-writing life as falling into roughly three periods. In the first, which spans Silence in the Snowy Fields (1962), the National-Book-Award- winning The Light Around the Body (1967) and two books he published in 1973, Sleepers Joining Hands and Jumping out of Bed, Bly weds surreal imagery with images of rural solitude and activist politics, specifically against the war in Viet Nam. The poems are often breathtaking in their risks and achievements:

   The cry of those being eaten by America,
   Others pale and soft being stored for later eating

   And Jefferson
   Who saw hope in new oats

   The wild houses go on
   With long hair growing from between their toes
   The feet at night get up
   And sun down the long white roads by themselves

   The dams reverse themselves and want to go stand alone in the desert...
                   (“Those Being Eaten By America”)

Who can deny the power, weirdness, and awkward charm of such poetry? The very fact of his strange accessibility gave lines like these great power to younger writers, and encouraged a generation to “find their way into the stone”—a place as different from the poetics of “academic” poets of the time as it was from the work of the Beats or the Confessionals.
   Because his work changed formally after Jumping Out of Bed, it was not fully apparent at the time that the majority of Bly’s poems of his middle period, which extends from The Morning Glory (1975) to Meditations on the Insatiable Soul (1994) repeat many of the quieter, more personal concerns of his earlier books. Many of the poems of this period, particularly the prose poems, begin with observation of ordinary objects and then “leap” into territories familiar from those chartered in the earlier work:

   This body offers to carry us for nothing—as the ocean carries logs—so on some days
   the body wails with its great energy, it smashes up the boulders, lifting small crabs, that    flow around the sides. Someone knocks on the door; we do not have time to dress. He    wants us to come with him through the rainy streets to a dark house...
                       (“Finding the Father).

   Bly’s masterpiece of this middle period, The Man in the Black Coat Turns (1981), written after the death of his father and his divorce from his first wife, is rich with moving and powerful verse:

   I walk on a gravel path through cut-over
   Woods. November’s bare light has arrived.
   I come at dusk
   Where, sheltered by poplars, a low pond lies.
   The sun abandons the sky, speaking through cold leaves.
                       (“My Wife’s Painting)

Somehow, here, a new voice begins to assert itself, one that feels present and vulnerable, less likely to leap off into peripheral worlds. More honest and transparent than his earlier work, Bly’s poems here show a new openness, a new kind of courage. They form, too, the seeds of his later work.
   One of the most remarkable aspects of Bly’s development is the late resurgence of vitality, starting with Morning Poems (1997) and extending to his most recent book, Talking into the Ear of a Donkey (2011). These late poems are absolutely some of his best, deeply moving and original. In many of these late poems, Bly employs a form he invented called “the ramage,” an eight line stanza reminiscent of the octave of a sonnet:

   What is sorrow for? It is a storehouse
   Where we store wheat, barley, corn and tears.
   We step to the door on a round stone,
   And the storehouse feels all the birds of sorrow.
   And I say to myself: Will you have
   Sorrow at last? Go, be cheerful in autumn,
   Be stoic, yes, be tranquil, calm;
   Or in the valley of sorrows spread your wings.
                   (“What is Sorrow For?”)

These poems are enlivened by a self-effacing humor—different from anything seen earlier in Bly’s work—and many carry a faint echo of Whitman:

   Who is out there at six a.m.? The man
   Throwing newspapers onto the porch,
   And the roaming souls suddenly
   Drawn down into their sleeping bodies...
                   (“I Have Daughters and I Have Sons”)

The majority of these late poems are written in Bly’s Americanized version of the Mideastern ghazal form, which is loose enough to suit Bly’s wide-ranging imagination yet controlled enough to rein him in and lend coherence to his wild-and-woolly imagination. With this form, he has found himself in all his ripeness; he has become a master-poet.
   Though one could easily name a dozen more inherently “gifted” poets of Bly’s generation—one of the greatest in all of American poetry—it would be difficult to name more than a handful who have achieved Bly’s largeness of vision or exerted his range of influence. His work still inspires impassioned debate amongst poets and poetry readers and is read by many who otherwise ignore the art. Reading these poems, I couldn’t help thinking (again) of Whitman: “Who touches this touches a man.” The best of these poems are permanent additions to our literature.

Michael Hettich’s most recent book of poems is Bluer and More Vast, published by Jay Snodgrass’s Hysterical Press in 2018. A new book, To Start an Orchard, is forthcoming from Press 53. His website is michaelhettich.com

May 2019 Guest Review

Deaf Republic
by Ilya Kaminsky,
Greywolf Press, 80 pages

by Grace Cavalieri

Former Soviet citizen Ilya Kaminsky writes of authoritarianism, military invasion, and resistance in a harrowing tale involving puppets, puppeteers, lovers, and children. The writer writes what we don’t want to hear; and makes it something we cannot live without hearing. The villagers’ resistance is to make up a language the soldiers cannot understand, using deafness as a weapon of power. This is so true of many stories where victims coalesce to be victors — yet, with oppression and violence in enemy occupation, there’re no human aspiration — only whose blood flows and when. Especially effective are Momma Galya’s puppeteers, who strangle soldiers (after sex) with puppet strings.

Kaminsky’s written a work that’s a symbol of all times when one dominant force overtakes a people. Throughout history, victims will always develop a codified message to endure and sustain. Kaminsky’s writing is one percent sociology and 99 percent poetic genius, making explosive realities manageable — even when writing of cruelty — and giving us lines that are so gorgeous, and original, and breathtakingly visual, we marvel at the human being who wrote them.

Value added. In the notes at the book’s end is this: “ON SILENCE: Deaf people don’t believe in silence. It is the invention of the hearing.”

Firing Squad

On balconies, sunlight. On poplars, sunlight, on our lips.
Today no one is shooting.
A girl cuts her hair with imaginary scissors --
the scissors in sunlight, her hair in sunlight.
As soldiers wake and gape at us gaping at them,
what do they see?
Tonight they shot fifty women on Lerna Street.
I sit down to write and tell you what I know:
a child learns the world by putting it in her mouth,
a girl becomes a woman and a woman, earth.
Body, they blame you for all things and they
seek in the body what does not live in the body.

February 2019

Bluer and More Vast
by Michael Hettich
Hysterical Books, Tallahassee Florida
978-0-940821-08-8

by Freesia McKee

How do you write a book of words about silence? Michael Hettich’s Bluer and More Vast (Hysterical Books, 2018) seeks to answer this elegant contradiction. As the title indicates, the book’s journey takes place in water. There is a “seaweed-covered boulder,” “a rack of antlers jutting from the dead-low tide,” “a bottomless wilderness,” and “a stone dropped into the ocean.” There is a woman who wants to try to “fit a river into her body” among the “days of rain.”

In one poem, the speaker swims with a school of mullet fish in the bay, himself transforming into a member of the school. There are kayaks and lily pads, flower vases of water, hurricanes and flooding and imaginary sons on surfboards. Indeed, these poems are the liquid lyric.

Bluer and More Vast is composed of 40 prose poems. The book is divided into four sections, with the very last poem further separated as a final nocturne. The first section of the book is associative, fluid, and floating. The second section provides characterization. These poems are more interpersonal, more based in place. There’s a brother, a son, a wife, a mother, a grandma, and the Everglades. The third section plunges readers deeper into surrealism, and the fourth section focuses on the first-person personal.

As I read the collection in a silent room, I found myself reading lines out loud just to hear the language. How could I have helped it? “We buried him beneath the banana trees, heavy with bunches of finger-sized fruits we hardly ever noticed until they’d turned soft and were eaten with gusto by the squirrels and the wasps,” goes one line about a beloved, stray, poisoned cat. Or this: “The rain stopped then, like an unfinished sentence, and the sudden silence roused her.”

“This man, my silence” is a thread that weaves throughout the book. In Hettich’s poems, silence is a cardinal value. The self can be silent; the world can be silent; even, amazingly, the fierce ocean has a dimension of silence. Silence is used as a metaphor for observation.

Silence takes on additional roles in Hettich’s surreal poems, some of them dystopian. In “Duet,” silence becomes a social privilege instead of a universal right. Other poems draw us further into dystopia, as when the bones of children are pulverized and dumped into the sea, families in a neighborhood move out of their homes and into the trees, or a man suddenly melts into a creek, leaving only clean clothes behind.

Here’s another question these prose poems seek to answer: What is underneath? Water seems like the natural metaphor for hidden-ness. We want to know about whales and giant octopi, about magnificent schools of silvery fish, about how deep icebergs carve into the water
If we are operating in Hettich’s world, we are also interested in how to cease the human-caused, global-warming-driven destruction of such irreplaceable wonders.

Artists are interested in discovery because there is an associated ecstasy, a transcendence. The poet uses image to communicate glimpses of this transcendence, and the glimpse is well-expressed in the lyric. We may have come to operate this way because discovery often occurs only in glimpses, and because our consciousness is all-too-often obscured by living in such a noisy world. “So I hold myself still,” Hettich’s speaker says, “just to listen.”

Fiction and narrative nonfiction insist on nailing down specific times and places, but prose as poetry allows us to remain unmoored, to swim in the vastness of its blocks, to discover, as we read silently, what lies underneath. All poets seek to keenly observe and create image. This is, after all, the lyric imperative. I think that in prose poetry, though, we are immersed in a different way. We enter prose poetry as submersibles, surrounded by text on all sides.

Seeds, windows, oceans, and tides are just a few of the metaphors Hettich cultivates in Bluer and More Vast that allow the self to step outside of the self for that ecstatic experience. “That Stranger’s Continent” reads, “I’d bet there are more creatures inside each of us than there are people in the world. Imagine finding yourself somehow amongst that crowd, inside your own body shrunk to their size.” Microcosm and macrocosm collide in these poems. Bluer and More Vast stands in a floating boat at nighttime, peering both at the moon and through the microscope.

Freesia McKee is author of the chapbook How Distant the City (Headmistress Press, 2017). Her words have appeared in cream city review, The Feminist Wire, Painted Bride Quarterly, Gertrude, So to Speak, Nimrod International Journal, and the Ms. Magazine Blog. Freesia's poetry is forthcoming in CALYX, Apalachee Review, and Flyway. Her book reviews have appeared in South Florida Poetry Journal, Gulf Stream, and The Drunken Odyssey. Freesia is the winner of the 2018 Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry, chosen by Sarah Vap.

February 2019 Guest Review

Oculus
by Sally Wen Mao
Graywolf Press 96 pages

by Grace Cavalieri

This review first appeared in Washington Independent Review of Books
Reprinted with permission of the author

Mao is a poet of conscience, passion, advocacy, and theater. Put them into the compression of poetry and there’s a power that extends outward and doesn’t stop when the poem is finished. Among her remarkable human testaments, are two sets of poems about the early Chinese-American film star Anna May Wong. The persona poems are where satire meets tragedy meets irony. The intention however is clear: to reveal what price is paid for celebrity without respect; to be almost invited to the party, but not quite. Poems showcasing this Chinese-American idol are real and surreal, factual, futuristic, imagistic, with sharp smart language unifying the core of each event. It’s holy work to create a character who will never be gone from these pages, a character spun from real cloth, now large, meaningful, a sector of Hollywood made permanent — for Wong’s longing and perhaps for her despair. But there’s bravery here, as well. And the poet sings her characters to the top with words that are alive — here to stay — a public trust.
I told you she was fearless:

The Death of Robot K-456

The robot opera sends us to space.
We look down. We don’t miss our lovers.
Instead, we’re nostalgic for gravity.
Permutations of ground: cement,
grass, parquet, soil. Premonitions
of sound: crash, pow, shriek.
Down on earth, we saw the tragedy --
the machine cracked under slow wheels.
His cords and his bowels, twitching.
The machine defecated on itself,
spilling all its beans. We looked away.
In another time, we would mourn.
But for now, we hover, above patrols,
above surveillance, above the borders,
like migrants to a black hole, a Xanadu
where no one dreams of finding us.
Even if we cut off a limb or leap over an edge, no eyes watch us. We are free.

November 2018

Wade in the Water: Poems
by Tracy K. Smith
Graywolf Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota
ISBN: 978-1-55597-813-6

by: Freesia McKee

I got curious, earlier this year, about how many collections of resistance poetry had been published since the 2016 election. I already knew of a handful, one of which I’d reviewed for this publication. After a few hours of casual research, I came up with a preliminary list that pushed 100 titles.

I wasn’t sure of my purpose for making this list. I suppose it confirmed something many of us already knew: thousands of poets have come out in full force against 45’s hatred. And still, it can feel like it isn’t enough. It isn’t enough. DT and his ilk continue to roll out harmful policies and political (dis)appointments. The language of hate he uses encompasses some of the worst of it. Somehow, he is still the president.

But the sound of America is composed not only of the voices of tyrants. We are a country of poets laureate, too. Tracy K. Smith’s new book Wade in the Water approaches the bitterness of our current moment through remembering painful histories. It’s a deft move for the United States Poet Laureate in the age of Trump. Let’s leave this narcissist out of the picture, this book implies, let’s have a conversation with those who will listen.

If by definition, resistance is reactionary, Wade in the Water is anything but. The book takes a long view, and we finish reading knowing that resistance, per se, may not be the right tactic. When I look up “resistance” in my dictionary, I see that the word’s antonyms include “peace,” “cooperation,” and “liberation.” When we are “resisting,” are we also working against what we actually want? Are we in the palm of someone’s hand? Perhaps we need a different word, a different method. There are many ways to freedom.

The text of Wade in the Water is reflective, formal, and calm. Smith uses erasure poetry, found material, and ponders god and our planet. As a collection, these poems together are diamond-shaped, which is to say that the book begins with the personal, expands wide into history and the cosmos, and narrows back again to re-examine the magic of the familial quotidian.

In light of its shape, the journey begins, appropriately enough, with a poem titled “Garden of Eden.” Instead of an original garden, we learn that this “Garden of Eden” is a Brooklyn bodega near where the speaker used to live. For a moment, the speaker pines to return, but she quickly move on.

God is personified as a character throughout the book. As a non-religious person, I did not feel put off by this because the god of this book is just that, a character. We read of god interacting with the world as an object. For me, that figure becomes a kind of Atlas.

There are questions of power. Smith writes about god showing off the world as he lets it “dangle between you like a locket on a chain.” The speaker continues, “Swinging it/Gently back and forth, he’ll swear he’s never shown it/To anyone else before.”

The god in this text seems (at least to me) creepy and predatory. We are left with many questions. How did god get this world? Why does he have it? Who is the “you”? Who is the speaker? Who and what politically (and personally) does this interaction between god and the “you” bring to mind? What could it mean for one to live amongst or beside one’s own troubled creation? A new kind of trinity—god, the speaker, and “you”—upsets the way we are used to hearing about a higher power. It disrupts the power dynamic.

The second section of Wade in the Water begins with what was for me one of the most striking pieces in the book, an erasure of the Declaration of Independence. “He has/sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people” the poem begins. “—taken Captive/on the high Seas/to bear—” the poem ends. Poets Solmaz Sharif and Chase Berggrun have written about how careful the one who is the eraser must be because erasure can be empowering or violent, depending on what is being erased and who is doing the erasing. However, Smith’s poem is an example of an erasure that works.

Some source texts erase groups of people. The poet’s erasure, then, can work as a double-negative, drawing attention to those left out. The Declaration of Independence is one example of a problematic source text, as the founding fathers were unwilling to confront the evils of slavery. Most of the signatories were slave owners. As they fought for their own liberation, they actively participated in the enslavement of other people. By erasing parts of the source text, Smith unearths truths too often ignored.

Many of the poems that follow this erasure include letters written by African American veterans of the Civil War. These poems powerfully convey fraught circumstances. Smith examined numerous letters during her research, and her epistolary poems are composed of synthesized historical text. The writer zeroes in on the challenges posed to black Civil War veterans as they attempted to collect their pensions, reunite with family members, and forge new lives. The original spelling and the punctuation of the letters has been respected. “Mr abarham lincon/I wont to knw sir if you please/whether I can have my son relest/from the arme,” the speaker writes in “I Will Tell You the Truth About This, I Will Tell You All About It.” The poems honor these important voices. Travelling through time and space, this section of the book is the widest part of its diamond-shaped narrative.

The next section transports readers forward to the present day. In “Theatrical Improvisation,” Smith incorporates more found text, this time from contemporary reports about hate crimes and online hate speech. “Among viewers, there is the dawning sense/That this is mere rehearsal, that the performance/Has not yet been contracted, nor scheduled,/Nor agreed upon, nor even cast,” Smith adds. She reminds readers that America’s current faculties for hate are not really improvisational; they are a tired riff on an old tune.

In “Watershed,” Smith writes about DuPont, a corporation that’s released enormous amounts of the carcinogenic chemical PFOA (used in non-stick kitchenware coatings) into the Ohio River. Nearly every living person carries toxic PFOA in their blood, thanks to DuPont. Smith writes, “PFOA detected in:/American blood banks/blood or vital organs of:/Atlantic salmon/swordfish/striped mullet/gray seals/common cormorants/Alaskan polar bears/brown pelicans/sea turtles/sea eagles/California sea lions/Laysan albatrosses on a/wildlife refuge in the/middle of the North/Pacific Ocean.” Like any good storyteller, Smith simply gives us the facts and we are left to draw our own conclusions.

In a literal sense, “Watershed” returns to the book’s title. Wading in the water was a strategy to gain freedom, but what about when the water is poisoned? What does it mean when a threshold across which many people escaped from slavery, the Ohio River, is poisoned with tons of a toxic, cancer-causing chemical? I am thinking about the tune after which this book is named, especially its last line, “God’s gonna trouble the water.” Enter the water to break the scent trail, the song says, and god will make the water stir.

What else could this verb mean? “To trouble” is to mix things up, to agitate. “Trouble” is derived from the Latin turbidus, as in “turbid.” This particular etymology brings to mind another biblical reference: “Let justice run down like water, And righteousness like a mighty stream.” Trouble is justice is water over stone. Troubling: a liquid upset of the balance of power.

“Is this love the trouble you promised?” Smith writes in the book’s title poem, dedicated to the Geechee Gullah Ring Shouters. As she addresses history and questions of power, Smith consistently conveys a sense of deep love. The last section contains personal themes: memories of a four-and-a-half year old daughter, a sibling watching Saturday morning cartoons in the 1970s, a mother in “Montgomery,/Alabama, walking to campus/Rather than riding the bus.” Families, friends: these are the people fought for.

I return to the antonyms of “resistance”: peace, cooperation, liberation. Smith teaches us that perhaps our role, as readers, as poets, as activists, is not to resist, but to trouble in the service of love.

Freesia McKee is author of the chapbook How Distant the City (Headmistress Press, 2017). Her words have appeared in cream city review, The Feminist Wire, Painted Bride Quarterly, Gertrude, So to Speak, Nimrod International Journal, and the Ms. Magazine Blog. Freesia's poetry is forthcoming in CALYX, Apalachee Review, and Flyway. Her book reviews have appeared in South Florida Poetry Journal, Gulf Stream, and The Drunken Odyssey. Freesia is the winner of the 2018 Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry, chosen by Sarah Vap.

November 2018 Guest Reviews

A Hundred Years Among the Daisies
by George Wallace
Stubborn Mule Press

by Michael Minassian

This was my first encounter with the poems of George Wallace, but once I started to read this collection, I wanted more. Wallace uses long lines with unusual but effective line breaks, generating a deep look into the mind of the speaker whether the speaker is a person, child, lake, or the mysterious voice of a mythological figure, and we are drawn into the poems effortlessly, entering a surreal world of swirling images.
Whether he is referencing Parnassus or the Black Sea, New York or Paris, or alluding to Miles Davis, Moses, or the Jolly Green Giant, it all works together, holding tight, never unraveling. Several of the poems, based on legend and myth, take on the shape and tone of ancient works yet manage to sound original and new:

“Before the first snow comes, I mean, before my body is gone forever, before there is nothing left of me but voice, voice to sing away absence, I in my turn taken in, like air, and given back to the world freely, imperfect son of the earth whose song is grief, whose love is Eurydice, the fecundity of earth… /It passes, seasons and sufficiencies, beauty of song, the limits of power given us by the gods, and all taken back by them, as I pass by on my way to the sea.”

Other poems have the feel of folk tales brought into the age of the New World, immigrants, and the not so distant relatives who escaped to our shores as in the poem “The Dancing Cottage” which begins:

“Before she came to America your grandmother served three sisters in a cottage in Russia, a dancing cottage that turned and turned among the trees”
and ends on a note of hope:
“and your grandmother stood outside the door of the dancing cottage, dreaming of America
Dreams and magic, hope and despair breathe life into the poems and the reader experiences the sense that the world will have a chance to begin anew:”

In “If you could remove the dead from the dead” the poem seems to mock the very idea, yet hold the thought as a way of easing the harshness of death, especially in the name of god, country, and greed:
“no more disillusionment, no more oblivion”

bringing the reader to a vision of rebirth and redemption as the speaker asks:
“And am i so stupid as to suggest it, am i so stupid as to imagine it, all their faces in the mist of civilizations and idiotic rain, the dead separated from the dead, bullet by bullet, eye by eye, walking again, hand in hand, like the walking sun”

Throughout, Wallace manages to let the reader catch a glimpse of the interconnectivity of time and space:
“This water, which is glint of sun that rose in Sumeria and Jordan and Cincinnati”

The poems move on, seeming like a conversation with a friend, the kind of friend who will tell you the truth no matter what. A conversation where it is hard to get a word in edgewise, but then you think to yourself: let him (or her) go, this is too interesting and unusual to interrupt, becoming a non-stop ride of connections and images, cutting us with words and images we cannot look away from.

“This is why a pothole is a handshake with heaven and a conspiracy against the machine. because it/is beneath us to worship the machine. because we are human, and the city is a beat virgin wreathed with mist and steam and artificial light.”

Also included is a sequence of poems “Letters from Vincent” centered around Van Gogh which manages to be fresh, taking us deep into the mind, observations, anguish, and aspirations of the artist. Not an easy task given the wealth of material written on one of the world’s most famous and popular painters. Based on Van Gogh’s paintings and letters, the poems show us new insights and at the same time stand on their own as works of art.

This is a collection of poems worth time and study, to be read and savored again and again.

George Wallace is editor of Poetrybay, author of 33 chapbooks of poetry, and writer in residence at the Walt Whitman Birthplace.

Michael Minassasin is a Contributing Editor for Verse-Virtual, an online magazine. His
chapbooks include poetry: The Arboriculturist (2010) and photography: Around the Bend (2017). For more information: https://michaelminassian.com

Esperanza and Hope
by Esperanza Snyder
Sheep Meadow Press,
(plus a bonus poem in dialogue with the book by Stanley Moss)

by: Grace Cavalieri

This review first appeared in Washington Independent Review of Books
Reprinted with permission of the author

A great idea begins the book. Esperanza (Hope) Snyder writes a 12-page précis disobeying usual formats, to give us an honest conversation as context for the poems. This fine-grained exposition of a life strongly lived reads with energy lifting the page. Had this not served as intro, the poems might be appreciated as illuminations, but maybe more like fireflies that need a backdrop to be seen exactly.
What strikes me most is that this isn’t a dream journey as with many other poets. It’s a real journey from Columbia, Madrid, Italy, West Virginia — a strange progression you might think but you’ll see Snyder’s storytelling forms as barrages of truth. A poem is only as good as the poet, only as thoughtful, as meaningful. Snyder is an accomplished poet and consummate scholar, speaker of languages, on a constant quest for meaning. This makes up the tumult beneath each poem leveled by spices of earnest emotion.
Page after page, I kept going as if in a fairytale/drama — such an inveterate woman on her own, as child, as young person, as single mother and wife. How she delivers this true hearted passage is completely without self-pity. It’s a strong expressionistic commitment to tell each piece of the puzzle. The sensuality of place, taste, scene and color is a gift from the author and innate in her nature. I’m completely taken with this book, worthy of our best attentions. It’s bold and reaches deeply. Rilke says, “I was seeking who I was…” Snyder has found herself, handsomely, in this collection.

Pianura Padana

That year, I traveled five thousand years to Tuscany,

to live with a man from Fiesole who sold door handles

to Ferramenta stores. We went to Assisi, San Gimignano,

Milano, Ferrara, drove to Arezzo through cypress trees-lined

roads, saw Petrarch’s home, drank brunello, decanted

and slightly warmed. One weekend in February

we walked along paths on top of city walls

that Ercole d’Este commissioned in Ferrara.

From our hotel balcony I watched a woman bike

along the Po, her legs hidden by fog. I remember

her long hair, red bike handles, torso floating on clouds.

We hadn’t been together centuries, the lying had not

started yet, though I already felt like getting on an eagle

and flying home, except there was no “nest” for me,

not with my mother and her second husband, not

with my first husband and his anger. The lying

had not yet started, but part of me, like the woman

on the bike — felt invisible, polluted like the waters of the Po.

ESPERANZA SNYDER was born in Colombia and lives in West Virginia. She holds degrees from the College of William and Mary, George Washington, Johns Hopkins, and the University of Manchester. Mother of three children, she is currently the assistant director of the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference in Sicily and poet laureate of Shepherdstown, West Virginia.

August 2018

Reading Queer: Poetry In A Time Of Chaos
Maureen Seaton & Neil De La Flor, Editors
Anhinga Press, Tallahassee, FL
ISBN: 978-1-934695-52-4

By Freesia McKee

I have started this review many times, attempting to connect Reading Queer: Poetry in a Time of Chaos to the current administration’s continued acts of violence. Every day, it seems, something newly egregious happens. According to the foreword by editors Maureen Seaton and Neil de la Flor, Reading Queer was not conceived as a resistance anthology, but it became one. Two tragedies happened on the book’s journey to publication: the massacre at Pulse and the election of 45.

Reading Queer inhabits a place in the mosaic of resistance anthologies published in the last sixteen months. We write, edit, publish, and read resistance anthologies to be heard, to be multitudinous, and to answer the invitation of resilience. Poetry shows me how I am alive, that I want to be alive, and that our connections matter.

I’ve spent a long time with this compendium of 50 poets. I attended release readings for Reading Queer at the AWP Conference in Tampa and at The Betsy Hotel in South Beach. The atmosphere of these readings felt something like a reunion of chosen family. When I got home, I put some of Reading Queer’s poems on repeat, so to speak. I woke up with them stuck in my head.

I began to wonder if queer poetry is a time of chaos. After all, queer poems aren’t straight. Queer poetry is the arc of the brick thrown to smash the window. Queer poetry is loud, spontaneous, a dance. Queer poetry is the book splayed facedown mid-poem, the loud baroque twirl, the drag king running his tongue across his mustachioed upper lip, a gathering. In contrast, the machine of oppression is a highly engineered, blueprinted, right-angled industry. Systems of state-appointed killers are bureaucratic, aimed at non-chaotic, inorganic, insular un-feeling.

Adrienne Rich wrote that writing and reading about “lesbian existence” is a revolutionary act. I will expand this idea here to “queer existence” or “LGBTQIA existence.” Reading Queer’s poets are experts in the desire for revolutionary queer existence. Celeste Gainey writes in “in our nation’s capital,” “We’re not supposed to be here//doggie-style in our nation’s capital.” Bryan Borland echoes, “my body still politicks.”

In a time when some mistakenly believe that marriage equality means we have achieved full equality, Reading Queer contains declarations about the importance of many kinds of love, including self-love. From “Why we wander” by cin salach: “This is the story of a woman who loved to live.” Nicholas Wong writes in “When the light no longer illuminates, illustrates, or is ill, or I,” “When I try not to understand this paradox: let there be light, then lampshade that enclaves the sweep of light//When I dance with the light and the light is me//When we both lick and lack the body of a shade//When we want something to lean on.”

Gregg Shapiro writes in “My Mother’s Vanity” about a child delighting in his mother’s “powdery terrains of rough, blush and eye shadow.” He writes, “Did I feel cute? Desirable? Seductive? Glamorous? New each time? Indestructible? Older than my single digit age? You bet I did.”

Reading Queer’s poets write about the contradictory constrictions of identity. Gem Blackthorn writes about bisexuality and the invisibility many bi people experience in “Dissociative Sexuality Disorder”: “I’m a maligned heterosexual.//I’m a maligned homosexual.//That I splinter into multiple identities,//like tree branches, whenever//I take up a new lover.”

Cheryl Clarke writes in “Coterie,”

Resist totalizing
essentializing
and truth.
Provisional queerness
no formalist gestures
narcissistic privates made public
these poetries
these ingroup associations
a coterie of signifieds
systematic chance.

JP Howard writes in “M R
A K it UP”: “let me enter the room on my terms.”

Queer poetry is being seen in the chaos of self-definition. Self-definition is a lifelong pursuit, and our culture at large has much to learn from the queer fight for and celebration of self-definition, a fight and celebration that by their nature are never complete. In one of my favorite poems, “For Muriel,” Jen Benka writes the lines, “To be found out.” and “To find.” Benka continues, “I didn’t know how to look for you until I learned I was looking.” This “looking for” addresses the self.

Jericho Brown writes in “To Be Asked for a Kiss,” “Whenever I read a poem, I read for what it doesn’t say.” Looking for “what it doesn’t say” is especially crucial in queer poetry. For centuries, queer poets had to hide or encode the queer and trans content in their work. Many still do. But poetry is an art form that, to some extent, requires disruption or obfuscation. This is not to say that poetry must be mysterious, but that a poem by nature must leave some of itself behind the curtain. I think this is why there has always been such a strong queer presence in our poetic traditions. We have never had enough language to define ourselves, but we also must sometimes—for our very survival or just for the sake of the poem—limit the language we do share. “How can I know everyone here,/but still feel so alone?” Cathleen Chambless writes.

If queer poetry is chaos, it is antithetical to right-angled walls of 45’s imagination. This is an anthology for the time after 45’s rise to the global stage, a world right-angled after Pulse.

Justin Torres writes in “In Praise of Latin Night at the Queer Club,” “Maybe you’ve yet to come out to your family at all, or maybe your family kicked you out years ago. Forget it, you survived.” Torres continues, “You didn’t come here to be a martyr, you came to live, papi. To live, mamacita. To live, hijos. To live, mariposa.”

Dear queer poets: Do you remember what we did the day after tragedy? We ate soup together. We made protest signs. We checked in, and some of us escaped for a few hours if we could. And we wrote. Some of us couldn’t stop writing. Some of us couldn’t write for a long time, struck silent. We began to organize, to compile resistance anthologies. The work we were already involved in was imbued with new meaning.

May 2018

Jack Tar's Lady Parts
by Charles Rammelkamp
Main Street Rag, Charlotte, North Carolina
ISBN: 978-1-59948-655-0

by: Francine Witte

    Charles Rammelkamp’s “Jack Tar’s Lady Parts” is a tight little ship of a chapbook. And like any good captain, Rammelkamp begins with a description of the voyage we are about to take. The prologue poem, “Jack Tar,” explains the title.

   They called us Jack Tars,
   the seamen of the British Empire,
   Royal Navy or Merchant, either one.
   We tarred our clothes before going to sea
   to waterproof them; tarpaulin as well…

Now that we know what a Jack Tar is, we learn what the “Lady Parts” are.

   …most of them Jacks but some of them Jills.

It is, indeed, the Jills who we will be reading about. Who were the women on these journeys or associated with the Jack Tars on shore leave? Why were they there, and how did they feel?
   Neatly divided into three sections, Wives, Prostitutes, and Transvestites, we have a chance to hear fascinating details of life at sea. Rammelkamp has combined historical accounts which were, in part, influenced by Suzanne J. Stark’s book Female Tars, with his own imagination to produce a series of persona poems.
   We can only wonder how a woman might feel like in the cramped, dangerous quarters of a ship on a temperamental sea, far from the comfort of home and the hard security of land. Through Rammelkamp’s finely sketched poems, we can more fully understand the hardships these women endured.
   In the “Wives,”section we meet, among others, Mary Ann, the coxswain’s wife (glossary in back of the book) who takes up with a seaman as revenge for her husband being too busy, and Sarah Bates, a powder monkey, who keeps on attending to the wounded even after her husband has been killed. My favorite poem in this section is“ Tommy Phelan and the Goat.”
   It seems that Tommy was born on the ship, his parents both killed during an attack.

   …She rushed to the main deck,
   through all the choking smoke, across the gore-slick planks,
   to where Joe lay, soaking in his blood.
   She took her husband in her arms,
   but as she tried to comfort him,
   a shot from the Reynard took her head clean off,
   and then Joe died almost immediately after.

   Of course, all of Joe’s messmates, me included,
   worried about little Tommy,
   still just a nursing baby,.
   How would he be nourished?

   That’s when we remembered the Maltese goat
   the officers got their milk from .
   The officers agreed to lend us the goat,
   so Tommy could suckle at her teat,…

This closes the section on Wives. Next we meet the Prostitutes.
   There are many reasons why the Jills turned to the oldest profession. We get a chance here to listen to some. In “Fleet Marriage, 1750” a conventional “respectable” life seemed like a good idea:

   Jack’s ship’d just come in.
   He’d been away at sea most of a year
   and he was ready to be jolly.
   We met at a public-house at Radcliffe,
   one thing leading to another
   we was soon on our way
   with four other sailors and their women
   to a quick-marriage chapel in Mayfair,
   over the Fleet Prison.

   I won’t say it was the best marriage ever,
   but no worse than me mam’s and pa’s;
   we got along fine for a while
   until Jack got restless and went back to sea.

   Me, I had to go back to whoring,
   It was either that, begging, or public charity,
   and I sure wasn’t going to work
   no ten-and twelve-hour days at no factory job…

The theme that prostitution is preferable to scullery-level work is echoed in “Betsy Pool Changes Her Mind.” She is a prostitute who, trying to reform, goes to prison, gets re-packaged for a life of mending and washing and, in the end, decides “…Fuck that. After three weeks, I sneaked away one night,/went back to the ships to take up whoring again.”
   The final and longest section of the book is Transvestites. Here we meet the women who disguised themselves as men to be Jack Tars. In “William Brown of the Queen Charlotte, 1815” we understand how little a woman’s life was worth:

   I come from Edinburgh, an African women,
   went back to sea after my husband and I quarreled.
   He treated me like a farm animal.
   I couldn’t take it any more,(sic) ever –
   at best all it was was cupboard love –
   so I joined the Royal Navy in 1804,
   served as a seaman almost a dozen years
   before anybody learned my secret.

   Rated Able in the books of my ship, the Queen Charlotte,
   I even served as captain of her foretop –
   the upper section of the foremast –
   leading the others assigned to the section,
   working the sails from both deck and aloft,
   taking them in in stormy weather,
   the deck rolling us around like drunks in a tavern.

   Now that no-good husband of mine
   threatens to take all my prize money,
   and he can do it too,
   since I really am just a farm animal;
   the husband controls the wife’s earnings under law.
   He’s gone to the Pay Office in Somerset Place
   down in London to stake his claim.
   Hell, even my name’s not my own.
   All I can do is go back to sea.

The transvestite poems continue with woman whose breasts are exposed during whippings, or their true gender revealed while being caught in the bathroom.
All of the poems in this chapbook highlight the difficulty of being a woman, whether married, prostitute, or passing herself as a man because a hard life at sea is better than a life lived as a woman. Happiness, it seems, is only achieved when going against the societal norm of the role a woman should play.
By the time you finish this chapbook, you will have met some characters with unique and urgent stories. “Jack Tar’s Lady Parts” is history, imagination, and poetry to produce a beautifully cohesive journey that you won’t soon forget.

May 2018 Guest Reviews

Voices in the Air, Poems for Listeners
by Naomi Shihab Nye
an introduction by the author.
Green Willow/HarperCollins. 208 pages.

by Grace Cavalieri
reprinted with permission from Grace Cavalieri and Washington Independent Review of Books

Naomi Shihab Nye’s book is one waited for by 20th- and 21st-century readers and writers: now ready to be introduced to the next generation. She’s an American icon — not the marble pillar kind or one of those in portraiture — but an active teaching citizen of the poetry world who is moving us forward word by word. This time she’s inspired by “Yutori” (life space) found from teaching poetry workshops in Japan. The book’s introduction leads us from this moment of stillness — to listen, and then to hear. This book comes from listening to many people — some great and some unknown. The poems are elegiac, reverential and celebratory; addressing more than 75 individuals in 100 new works. Each character suggests an idea within an historical story. It’s a streaming of cultural happiness observing others.
Emily Dickinson is featured in a poem called “Emily”: “What would you do if you knew/that even during wartime/scholars in Baghdad/were translating your poems/into Arabic/still believing/in the thing with feathers? /You wouldn’t feel lonely/that’s for sure. /Words finding friends/even if written on envelope flaps/or left in a drawer.” Coincidentally, Naomi Shihab Nye also has poems saved and read in prisons, halfway houses, schools, therapeutic institutions; and why is this? Because she writes sharply and clearly of a wholesome reality where we find something to like in each line. Her work is completely understandable while maintaining a high level of language and poetic identity. She presents a reality without artifice and lets a poem speak for itself without getting in its way. These poems seem to say: this is what I saw -- this is what I heard -- I stopped long enough in (life space) “Yutori” to hear. Just take a look at people and places — each is a portal you can see into.
A gentle rebuke is in the poem Oh. Say Can You See it begins, “I’d like to take Donald Trump to Palestine, /set him free in the streets of Ramallah or Nablus/amidst all the winners who never gave up/ in 69 years. /… I’d wrap a keffiyeh around his head, /tuck some warm falafels in his pockets, /let him wander alleyways and streets, / rubble and hope…”
I love the prose piece where the author, at age 20, visits Jack Kerouac’s widow (whom she barely knew via telephone) and grieves with her. Her parents drove from Texas to Florida to deliver her to this visit. We see early on the meaning of tenacity.
Naomi Shihab Nye is an intermediary between the reader and a language that dignifies ideas. There’s moral leadership here in an excellent book where on every page poetry subordinates the bad in this world. This is why she’s one of our country’s most beloved poets.

In Transit
I mailed a package to myself, it never arrived.
Months later, wondering what it contained…
the package was oversized, I paid extra.
Mailed it from a place under trees. Surely shade
and sunlight was in the package. Mailed it
from a place compassionate to refugees.
Unopened envelopes inside the package,
poems from kind students hoping for response.
How do we answer without knowing
who they were or what they said?
This is why you must smile at everyone,
living and dead, everywhere you go.
You have no idea what has been lost
in transit.

Grace Cavalieri is celebrating 41 years on public radio, with “The Poet and the Poem” now from the Library of Congress. She holds AWP’s “George Garret Award.” She’s the author of 20 books and chapbooks and 26 produced plays, short-form and full-length. She’s poetry columnist/reviewer for The Washington Independent Review of Books. Her new book’s a compendium of poetry, plays and interviews, Other Voices, Other Lives (2017.)

Irish Poets Plus Beer a Hit at The Betsy Hotel

A review of an O, Miami Poetry Festival reading on April 27, 2018

By Chauncey Mabe

“Galway and Belfast are centers of poetry... It’s so uplifting to see a good turnout
for a poetry reading. And on a Friday night in Miami Beach.” (Colette Bryce, Poet)

In America, and probably other parts of the English-speaking world, Ireland casts an outsized shadow as the home of a particularly rich and lovely form of speech and literature—James Joyce, W. B. Yeats, Seamus Heaney, and all that. Perhaps this is what brought a standing-room-only crowd to the Betsy Hotel on a recent Friday night for a reading by Irish poets, Julie Morrissy and Collette Bryce. There was to be a fourth, Paul Perry, the one writer on the bill with a Miami connection, having graduated from the University of Miami in 1997 with an MFA in poetry. Alas, Perry had been snared by the ever-tightening U.S. Customs dragnet, attempting to board a plane in Ireland with only a tourist visa, instead of a business one.

Despite sorrow over Perry’s absence—in addition to local friends, he was missed by Julie Morrissy, a former student of his at University College Dublin—the atmosphere was light in the tightly packed BBar, an elegant underground venue at the Betsy often given over to literary events. The mood was not hurt by the presence of Wynwood Brewery in the back of the room, where it handed out tastings of its signature La Rubia beer.

The evening opened with a welcome from Jonathan Plutzik, owner of the Betsy Hotel on South Beach. “We’re coming to the end of poetry month and our last collaborative event with O, Miami for 2018,” Plutzik said as he acknowledged poet P. Scott Cunningham, founder and director of the Festival. “The Betsy has been the host hotel of O, Miami since the beginning, and has supported its vision along with the Knight Foundation.” Since reopening the venerable boutique hotel in 2009, The Betsy has become a year-round haven for literature and the arts, inspired by Jonathan’s father, Hyam Plutzik, a mid-century poet who was a three-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.

Of course, an Irish accent is always a crowd-pleaser on these shores, but alas, several years living and working in the United States and Canada have softened Morrissy’s brogue. She read first, forced to get by only on personal charm and the quality of her verse. She is a young poet, with a much lauded pamphlet (or “chapbook” as we say here), I Am Where, and a first full poetry collection, Where, the Mile End.

Morrissy began by apologizing for the intentionally abstruse grammar in the title of her collection, and by praising Miami. “I’ve already written a poem since I got here,” she declared. She gave Paul Perry credit for turning her into a poet. Before she studied with Perry at UCD, she had been set on becoming a fiction writer. “I wrote a lot of poems as a child,” she said afterward. “Then I moved on to fiction. I took Paul’s class with no real interest in writing poetry. I made the switch and I haven’t looked back.”

Morrisy’s poems, the ones she read, at least, are less obviously political, less rooted in Irish history, than the ones Colette Bryce read later in the evening. Her poems are often pitched in a minor key, with a deceptive simplicity. Consider the opening lines of “Looped:”

there is a twist that creeps around me
that drags me back to the north strand
where I have never been before
to a park called St Anne’s
a saint I never saw before
a branch, a tongue
a child I never had before

These are poems that reward repeat reading. That’s not to say Morrissy’s poems lack in concrete detail, in energy, or in political intent. After all, she admires American poets the likes of Claudia Rankine and StaceyAnn Chin. Sometimes she combines these elements with a slap of humor, as in these lines from “Kookee:”

I really beat up on some cookie dough today
battered it with a wooden spoon
historically I find them hard to hold
the rough unfinished handle
feels like some crusty piece of felt that was left to rote
but today
I wrapped my boney fingers around it
rammed its roundness into
some recipe from a bag
that’s so easy

“even my husband could do it”

Colette Bryce took the microphone as a more established Irish poet, with four collections and several prizes to her credit, including the Ewart Briggs Award in honor of Seamus Heaney. She has been called “the Irish Elizabeth Bishop.” Bryce speaks in a full Irish accent, like you’d expect an Irish poet to have, and her poems have a ready music that fits into it naturally. Born and raised in Derry, in the north of Ireland, her poems are rooted in a place, and in the sectarian violence and politics of that place. She explains the word “Brits” in her poems refers not to the English people but to the English Army.

Yet Bryce also spoke with a warm wit, remarking with amazement at how everyone drives in America and confessing she did not learn until she was in her 30s. “It took seven goes to get my license,” she said. She steps easily from the political to the personal (and sometimes back again), often in the same poem, as with “Don’t Speak to the Brits, Just Pretend They Don’t Exist:”

Two rubber bullets stand on the shelf,
from Bloody Sunday - mounted in silver,
space rockets docked and ready to go off;
like the Sky Ray Lolly that crimsons your lips
when the orange Quencher your brother gets
attracts a wasp that stings him on the tongue.
‘Tongue' is what they call the Irish language,
‘native tongue' you're learning at school.
Kathleen is sent home from the Gaeltacht
for speaking English, and it's there
at the Gaeltacht, ambling back
along country roads in pure darkness
that a boy from Dublin
talks his tongue right into your mouth,
holds you closely in the dark and calls it
French kissing (he says this in English).

Bryce’s lasting connection to Derry notwithstanding, she had to leave home to find her place in the world, as seen in her poem, “The Full Indian Rope Trick,” with its image of a child climbing a magical rope and disappearing into the sky. Still, though she has spent very little time in the United States, this was not her first visit to Florida. Thirty years ago she was sent here as part a delegation of children, 20 Catholic and 20 Protestant. The idea was “to mix for three weeks in normal society.” But there were unintended lessons, as well.

“I was astonished to learn that Florida had her own problems,” said Bryce, whose host family included a raving bigot. “I had never heard of racism.” She read the poem that came out of that earlier trip, “And They Call It Lovely Derry,” which goes in part like this:

The husband sat at the head of the table
holding forth hot and bothered.
He couldn’t decide on the right word
himmed and hawed between Blacks and Coloured,
whatever, his point? They were bone idle,
wouldn’t accept the jobs they were offered.

“Now I’ll have to write another Florida poem about this trip,” Bryce said brightly.

After the reading, Bryce welcomed admirers and friends near the head of the room, a striking space with illuminated portraits of famous pop, rock, and country stars painted in a neo-primitive style. The ceiling is low, but it also has a mirrored surface, lending an illusion of height. She remarked on both the youth and the size of the audience. All too often, poetry readings are sparsely attended, and mostly by older people.

“Ireland values its poets very much, and not just in Dublin,” Bryce said. “Galway and Belfast are centers of poetry, too. It’s so lifting to see a good turnout for a poetry reading. And on a Friday night in Miami Beach.” It is, she allowed, all good PR for Irish poetry.

In point of fact, the event was in part a PR gesture by the Irish government. The idea for Irish poets visiting Miami arose in a pub conversation between Campbell McGrath, an award-winning Irish-American poet who teaches at Florida International University, and Maureen Kennelly, director of Poetry Ireland. McGrath gave credit to Poetry Ireland for bringing the idea to fruition, the Irish government for funding the event, and to P. Scott Cunningham and O Miami. “It’s hard to sell poetry in America,” McGrath said. “Scott knows how to make it happen.”

Shane Stephens, the tall and youthful Irish Consul for the Southeastern United States, was on hand. American lovers of the arts doubtless felt a twinge of envy when he mentioned almost in passing a $1.2 billion infrastructure and educational initiative called Creative Ireland. “By 2022,” Stephens said, “all children in Ireland will be learning art, drama, music, literature, and coding.” Yes, at a time when bridges and roads, not to mention arts funding, are crumbling in America, Ireland is making a major investment in its cultural institutions. The difference, Stephens said afterward, is the scale and stature of the two countries on the world stage.

“We are a small country,” Stephens said, “so for us to have an impact internationally, we have to use our creativity. There’s no place in the world for start-ups like the U.S. For us, we are very excited to use one of our greatest resources, creativity.”

Among the young adults who made up roughly half of the audience, Peter Trethowan and Ayssa DiPietero were there in part to support friends, and in part for the poetry itself. “I studied the humanities,” said Trethowan. Added DiPietero, “We enjoyed the poetry very much. The beer was a plus.”

Chauncey Mabe is a seasoned arts critic who has written for a variety of South Florida publications. He can be reached at cmabe55@yahoo.com

Ghost Child of the Atalanta Bloom
by Rebecca Aronson

by Brian Burmeister

John Keats wrote, “The poetry of earth is never dead.” The recent collection Ghost Child of the Atalanta Bloom is a testament to that. Poet Rebecca Aronson, whose work has appeared in Prairie Schooner, Tin House, and the Georgia Review has a superb skill for showing the relationships between persons and their landscapes in this Orison Poetry Prize-winning book. Aronson explores the life-giving, life-taking worlds we find ourselves in, and the life-affirming meaning we build in those worlds with the persons in our lives. Though devoid of an overtly political agenda, Aronson’s poems are deeply environmental—truly spiritual in their reverence. Through each poem’s content and beautiful use of language, Aronson develops the deep connections between nature and humanity in a way few authors could hope to achieve.
From the opening poem—in which a girl sets a field on fire—we see the impacts one can have on our environment are profound. Ghost Child of the Atalanta Bloom is in a great sense a meditation on nature. Whether in content or metaphorical imagery, Aronson never loses sight of the connectedness of life and landscape. In one poem she directly asks the deep question, “What am I to sand?” She writes of deserts and forests and mountains, of drought and rain and snow, of cats and cows and rabbits, of bats and birds and moths. There is even a gorgeous, profound insect metaphor for human intimacy in the poem “Dinner Party”:
Maybe we are a wing and a wing

these nights, a cricket
sawing a song from its one whole body.

Humanity and earth are as one in poems like “Teacup,” in which Aronson writes:
She is a tiny landscape,
the tremendous peak of her hair,
her Matterhorn, rising in the bold distance.

In “Buried City” the human-earth linkage is both ancient and powerful:
   This is how they found us, frozen in mud casts,
   our bodies dissolved down to bone and cloth.
   No one who saw the imprints would know

   we were the ones who named the world. Hallowed
the mountain which formed us, yes, but forgot
the hungry dirt that would someday call us back.

Here and in many of Ghost Child’s 46 poems, the human bond to the land is thoughtfully explored.

Aronson’s skill as a writer shines in her vivid, clear descriptions. In “My Father Robs an Etruscan Grave,” we see the invisible turned tangible:
the breath in my throat rushing out
like bats.

In “Shadow” a delicate gesture is painted in concrete ways:
faintly, tiny hairs rising under her touch
in a reversed domino effect.

In “Dream Dictionary Abecedarian,” plant, animal, human, and water images intermix for great impact:
   Weeds
tentacle my legs, fingers of slippery grass slide
under my body where I am stretched out

viewing that pond, which beckons me
with its water arms.

Here, and throughout the collection, Aronson’s graceful language always finds a way to balance beauty with clarity.
Ghost Child of the Atalanta Bloom is accessible, thoughtful poetry. If you are drawn to reflections on nature, this collection is for you. If you love thinking about our inter-connected world, this collection is for you. Aronson brilliantly highlights the beauty of this world. This collection, like Aronson writes about experiencing nature itself, is “a reason and a reason and a reason for joy.”

Brian Burmeister teaches communication at Iowa State University. He is a regular contributor at Cleaver
Magazine, and his writing has been nominated for the Pushcart Prize and Best of the Net. He can be followed on Twitter: @bdburmeister.

February 2018

Falling Landscape
by Silvia Curbelo
Anhinga Press, Tallahassee, Florida
ISBN-978-1-934695-42-5

by: Francine Witte

   All too often, the title of a poetry collection can seem somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps the poet chose the title for no other reason than it sounded catchy. Trouble is that the title might not capture the essence of what she/he wants us to walk away with once the book is put down.
   Such is not the case in Silvia Curbelo’s fourth collection of poetry, Falling Landscape. The title here is truly a guide to the reader, a reflection of the poems. In the end notes, Curbelo gives credit to the painter, William Pachner, whose painting of the same name, Curbelo says, had a great influence on many of the poems here.
   One thinks of a landscape as solid, fixed. How then can it fall? Earthquake, maybe. But how else? And, of course, in a collection of poems, we venture into the metaphorical. What emotional factors go into shaking the foundation of who we think we are? Curbelo asks and re-asks this question. And she does so quite successfully.
   The poems themselves are written with the kind of straightforward elegance that remind me of William Stafford. No nonsense, no overwriting, just words and lines that vibrate from within. In “Hurricane Watch,” a prose poem, she shows us a landscape being chipped at:

Sometimes in the night a hole had opened up in the air of the
room. It made a small wound at the center, but painless, a
palpable lack. She thought it might be a kind of window, or
a door, but she wasn’t certain. What wasn’t there beckoned
to what was left. Absence became a kind of weather to her.
Wind darker than the road. The slowness of the hours was
a mirror in which she saw herself. The clocks kept going.
Tap water sitting around in an old glass. Somewhere miles
away, thick clouds gathered and stalled. Trees moved the
notion around like something broken. She thought she could
make a story fall from the pieces. Something with windmills and
numbers. Boredom. Rain.

Here, she shows the power of absence to destroy what seems solid.

   Another, very pleasing aspect of Curbelo’s writing is her ability to examine, the smallest moment through a jeweler-like lens. She turns a moment over and over to catch its exquisite detail. This is beautifully demonstrated in “Something Whispered Your Name”

    In the first flare of sun along the water
   In the uppermost leaves of the dogwood.
   In the dirt road and the chainlink.
   In the theater of the rain
   and the lake’s shattered surface.
   In the thin light of the history books.
   In the bowl of dark fruit.
   In bread, in salt, in memory.
   In a dream’s borrowed weather
   in the tender lies of morning
   like a glass slipper
   at the bottom of the well.
   And once, with warning, the smallest
   breeze on the back of my hands
   passing through.

   Curbelo’s thread of breath, of breezes, of whispers is repeated throughout the collection. In “Snow is Falling On Our Good Intentions,” we feel the wind again:

    Someone has left the window open
   and a cold wind parts the
   quiet air as delicately as hands
   lifting a veil, turning
   the darkness over, a few late
   stars still left in the sky.
   In some rooms the mirror
   never sleeps. Snowflakes
   live behind glass for days,
   holding themselves up
   through any weather.
   On nights like these any prayer
   is an island. The way it keeps
   everything hopeful and
   surrounded. The voice
   blooms at the corners
   of the mouth and begins
   its version of an answer, faith
   tugging at the seams of
   the familiar, bold as any
   flower, not braver than this
   kiss.

As in the previous poem, Curbelo’s technique is almost cinematic in how she sets a scene, with all of its particular elegance, only to zoom in to a tiny moment at the very end. I found this to be a very satisfying structure.

   The title poem “Falling Landscape” has the question of the book, “What sound shattered/the brick and mortar of that moment?” For Curbelo, it seems that the world, both the physical and the emotional world of the soul only seem intact and are not destroyed after all, by the catastrophic events, but rather worn down by a whisper, a touch, a breath.

   This book is filled with quiet wisdom and sure observation. I found myself quickly drawn to each poem, both in its easy form and language, not at all pretentious or off-putting, only to be stunned again and again by the power of a line.

   And the landscape falls again and again. Everything sturdy until it’s not, as in “Remembering the World As Children Once,” she says,

            Now you see him, now
   you see him less clearly,
   Coins of light filter down
   through the trees.

February 2018 Guest Reviews

SCRIBBLED IN THE DARK
by Charles Simic

by Alec Solomita

  The title is literal. In a recent interview with the online journal Literary Hub, the brilliant, prolific poet Charles Simic said, “I scribble in little notebooks or on pieces of paper … words, images, lines of poetry wherever I happened [sic] to be. At night … I do so in the dark.” But it’s metaphorical as well, referring to the ubiquitous darkness in Simic’s work. Almost every one of his hundreds of poems, it seems, throws a black shadow, however narrow, of the writer’s young boyhood in Belgrade during World War II, starting with Germany’s “Operation Retribution” in 1941, a blanket bombing of the city, and ending in 1944 with a series of devastating Allied aerial attacks. Several times, Simic’s family had to scurry from their home through this long nightmare. But anyone familiar with his work knows that, while it is often as dark as war where only “the knife lights the way,” his brief, savage poems are repeatedly illuminated by blades of light — bursts of astonishing metaphor, dazzling humor, and a survivor’s delight in the natural world. Charles Simic’s poems are fun to read. Norman Mailer wrote of one of his characters, “He had the kind of merriment a man sometimes knows when events have ended in utter disaster.” For Simic, that’s how events began.

At 16 he moved to Chicago with his family, “I came here in my youth,/A wind toy on a string,” he writes in “Seeing Things,” the second poem in this latest collection, a somewhat atypical piece because of its ballad-like repetition, although his images are characteristically vivid and original.

Saw a street in hell and one in paradise.
Saw a room with a light in it so ailing
It could’ve been leaning on a cane.
Saw an old man in a tailor shop
Kneel before a bride with pins between his lips.
Saw the President swear on the Bible
while snow fell around him.

It continues, ending with the lines

   Saw a homeless woman berating God
   And a blind man with a guitar singing:
   “Oh Lord remember me,
   When these chains are broken set my body free.”

“Seeing Things” is a fitting introduction, a lyrical description of the journey of a life displaced in America — madness, marriage, JFK’s inauguration — ending with a refrain from Ruthie Foster’s haunting gospel song.  It shows off Simic’s expansiveness, imagination, and mastery of the American voice.

   The other poems in this slim volume are shorter, sharper, and more surprising, more Simic-like. Although a humorous morbidity is characteristic of even his earliest work, his last two books, The Lunatic and Scribbled in the Dark, are more explicitly about death and loss, and infused with a sort of pacific despair. At nearly 80, Simic’s concerns have become more focused and rife with black humor in a world where there are few if any existential comforts. Except, perhaps, poetry:

   ILLEGIBLE SCRIBBLE

   These rags the spirit borrows
   To clothe itself
   Against the chill of mortality.
   O barbed wire of crossed-out words,
   Crown of thorns,
   …
   My footholds in the abyss.

   The first and last of the four sections of Scribbled in the Dark are mostly about the swift, iterating passing of time and the end not just of one or several human lives but of the whole human experiment. Simic’s prose pieces, often seen in the New York Review of Books, reveal a thoughtful, angry man full of disgust for gluttony, corporate greed, and Republicans, all the bogey men of the liberal intellectual. His poetry, less direct yet more tactile, is also more effective.

   SIGNS OF THE TIMES

        . . . the sight
   Of a boarded up public library,
   The rows of books beyond its windows
   Unopened for years,
   The sickly old dog on its steps,
   And a man slumped next to him,
   His mouth working mutely
   Like an actor unable to recall his lines
   At the end of some tragic farce.

   But he still has his sadistic fun. His ruminative lists like “That Elusive Something,” and “Uninvited Guest” are witty, playful, and scary. A series of “uninvited guests” includes in a familiar tonal sequence “Dark thought on a sunny day/Languid miss in distress/Everyone’s blind date/ … A crow flying round my head/ … Hell’s night nurse/Bending over a cradle.”

   Simic’s poems beat with internal rhymes and subtle, beautiful rhythms, which can go unnoticed because of their cunning content. Here is how “The Week” begins:

   Monday comes around with a new tattoo
   It won’t show us and here’s Tuesday
   Walking its latest nightmare on a leash
   And Wednesday blind as the rain tapping
   On a windowpane and Thursday sipping
   Bad coffee served by a pretty waitress …

Just lovely, his quiet sibilance and feminine endings.

   It’s not only abstractions like the days of the week that Simic brings to stirring life. His embracing of those species who don’t drop bombs and starve the poor is more than just personification or apostrophe; it’s identification. Simic’s empathy is uncannily deep and wide — it includes cockroaches, flies, and the cricket on his pillow.

His emaciated head and legs
   Speak of long fasts, frantic prayers,

   Dark nights of the soul,
   And other unknown torments,

   Before he found refuge in our home
   From that madman out there

   Who threw over his bed
   A heavy blanket of snow.

   Simic’s world is numinous. His earliest published poems about knives, spoons, and forks (“This strange thing must have crept/Right out of hell./It resembles a bird’s foot/Worn around the cannibal’s neck.”) revealed not only an Eastern European delight in antic menace but also a real connection to a living, writhing world of things – animate and not. The second section of Scribbled in the Dark is a kind of tour of a strangely animate America, starting with moments like this one — at home with a “Winter Fly,” “You ought to live in a palace like a king/And not shiver on my kitchen wall.” Then transporting the reader over a trembling landscape. In “Bare Trees,” we watch a wood reflected in a pond, “The bare branches moving in it,/Are like the fingers of the blind/Reaching to touch the face of someone/Who’d been calling out to them/.” We also pay a call to Simic’s roadhouses, a farm or two, a white cat, a stray hen.

   The following section contains surprisingly gentle pieces, several about sex, courtship, and marriage. Yet even affectionate poems like “My Goddess” slant sideways with sly details:

   Dearest, it’s true you deserve
   Far better than this rotgut
   I found under the kitchen sink.
   Still go ahead and take a swig,

In “The Lucky Couple,” a man and a woman sit on a bench, “With eyes closed and sunlight on their faces,/Listening to children in the playground.” But the idyll ends with, lest we forget, an image of those familiar other couples:

The people hurrying by must think
How lucky these two must be without
A care in the world, unlike that bunch
Looking pissed as they exit the courthouse.

Whatever the mood of Simic’s poems, one finds throughout the kind of shift that makes the reader’s stomach drop. “This street calm as a sharpshooter/Taking his aim in the bright sunlight,” “… Saturday flashing/ Like a pinball machine in the morgue,” “The watermelons … /Falling out of a truck and breaking/ Into bloody chunks on the highway,” “When the evening silence that lingered /Under a tree listening to a bird,/ Strolls over to the village church/And then waits on its stone steps/.”
Simic’s sensibility throughout is as strange and thrilling as his phrasing. He writes like a man

   Stepping out after a long illness
   Who can’t help but see the world with his heart
   And hopes not to forget what he saw.

November 2017

The Analyst
by Molly Peacock

by: Alec Solomita

Anyone who has spent what poet Molly Peacock calls a “harrowed hour” or more with a therapist has some idea of the complexity and strangeness of this relationship. And, although several fine writers have made a stab at exploring the dynamics of the personal dyad, more often than not they find it singularly resistant to scrutiny. In The Analyst, her latest book of poetry, Molly Peacock overcomes this resistance with more ease and grace than any writer since Philip Roth gave us the longest psychiatric session in literary history in Portnoy’s Complaint.

   In its four parts, The Analyst explores a decades-long relationship between the narrator and her therapist, 37 years of it in actual therapy and then the friendship during “the rest of life” after the therapist suffers a severe stroke. But the book offers more than a portrait of a fraught, beautiful, and necessary series of meetings in a 21st floor office and the similarly fraught and beautifully rendered reversal of roles that follows the stroke. Peacock goes on to give us glimpses into the patient’s early life that are vivid and often terrifying, and retrospectively make it clear why she took that elevator for years and how lucky she was that it was this particular woman waiting for her at the last stop.

   Already acclaimed for her various use of rhyme and rhythm as well as her ingeniously indirect structural building blocks, Peacock outdoes herself here. In the very first poem, “Gusto,” she performs structural and rhyming magic. Unlike any first session with a therapist, we are blessed with an immediate intimacy on the page. The verses are simple yet artful—the narrator is making a difficult meal with great care when a memory floats in of a restaurant dinner with her therapist and a moment later she recalls when the 77 year old woman “slumped in your watercolor class.” The affection between the two women reveals itself quickly and subtly. Peacock’s vehicle here is the intensity with which the narrator attends to her cooking. The same verses display Peacock’s uncommonly daring use of rhyme, in this case (what most workshops will tell you never to do) exact rhyme.

… Slice the baby potatoes, skins on,
turn to the smooth black surface on
the stove where two steamers—enamel--
swim like red fish painted on enamel
and prepare with attention, like you,
my intimate witness, like you …

Spoon the mustard and parsley sauce
on the perfectly steamed potatoes …
watching over them, keeping on my toes--
as you watched over me.

Despite the bold, seemingly aggressive rhyming, there is no sing-song quality here. The repetition sounds more like real conversation, as well as the way one might idly muse over the past while performing an everyday task.

Although they are deftly meshed together, there are clearly two different bonds between the narrator and analyst in this book of poetry— pre- and post-stroke. One of the profound pleasures of this mostly true story is the opportunity the patient gets to “pay back” the riches she acquired from a brilliant, tough, and kind therapist. Although, like the work of an analyst, the work of a caregiver can also be arduous.

Peacock offers some of the details of the 37 years of psychological work in poems that are framed like thank-you notes. The longish, cunningly shaped “The Pottery Jar” starts off like this:

Thank you for asking me not to smoke,
thank you for the extra ten minutes no charge.
…
Thank you for your chic haircut--
every therapist should have one.
   …
    Thank you for your posture, bolt upright,
    when I was so mad I declared I could break
   the antique pottery jar on your shelf.

Her movement from these charming details to the dark past is adroit and disturbing:

Thank you for not believing me when I said I was suicidal
(my dad had died and evaporated into smoke
—that rageful man, yes, slowly I admitted I had
half his genes—bomb-vaporous beneath
the heavy gray apartment door).

And, through a series of alternating raking and mellifluous lines, the poem brings to light brutish boyfriends, an abortion, the loss of a sister, and healing.

Thank you for your poise and ease.
Thank you for simply standing
as I learned how to stand on the sand.

And in “Mount Anger,” a single therapy session is described in vivid, resourceful language:

It began as liquid
a mountain rush of fear
the breakage of hidden springs
into grief-tears then tiers
of earthwater gushing
but the flow thickened
—snotty bloody clotty
as the tissues heaped
industrial pyramids of
used Kleenex

After her stroke, the analyst eventually returns to her first love, drawing, which she’d given up years before. Peacock makes good use of the simple word:

So draw,

as I was drawn to you
as you drew me to you,

till I could walk away
as you now draw away.

But then, with the therapy in the past, our narrator walks back. As the analyst partially recovers, her former patient takes her to museums, visits her for tea, and, to the extent possible, converses with her. She befriends her.

Peacock’s observations of the symptoms of stroke victims are unusually acute. Her description of the conversation of the aphasiac is spot on, chilling, and somehow reassuring. In “Speaking of Painting and Bird Watching,” she writes

We skirt around the blast hole in your memory:
your stroke and aphasia left a singed edge.
As we talk around that burnt gorge—you can recall
a thing or two about the distant past.

And in “George Herbert’s Glasse of Blessings”:

In jet lagged unrest I played the messages:
Your voice! With all the colors of its emotions
from cerulean to cerise. …
but your words were garbled and weak. Slow.
Yet your message hemorrhaged its color into air

I heard your voice as in a painting: CANT. BE. YOUR. PHYSCHO-
THERAPIST. ANYMORE. …


   The last part was clear: CALL WHEN YOU GET HOME!
   Then date and time in stately monotone.

There is so much more in The Analyst that one review cannot capture. The poem “The Canning Jar” is a short story in verse reminiscent of Kunitz, Hollander, and Hayden; a series of poems cleverly describes the world of a child through school assignments; French lessons show a thousand ways to say merci. All excellent. But the spine of this remarkable book is the love between these two women.

    “But it was paid love, wasn’t it?”
   Where else in life is the necessity for payment so clear?
   You could call it making a living,
   though now that it’s over,
   perhaps it’s the pure unpaid love you mean.

Small Worlds Floating
by M.J. Iuppa
Cherry Grove Collections, Cincinnati, Ohio
ISBN: 9781625491916

by: Francine Witte

M. J. Iuppa’s third full-length poetry collection, Small Worlds Floating, is an inviting read. The poems are arranged in couplets or other short stanzas, and are told in unpretentious, everyday words. But for all of this, each poem is packed with moments that explode out of the boundaries of its shape and language. These poems are a celebration of the small, exquisite moment.
   Each poem seems to scream, stop what you are doing and pay attention. In “Traveling through Flesh,” which begins with a reference to the painting by Eric Fischl that inspired it, “Frailty is a Moment of Self-reflection.” Iuppa, asks you to observe a father walking down a hallway:

   Morning’s light glows in the corridor where
   your father walks the carpet’s worn threads.

    You watch his hesitating steps; his right arm
   out-stretched, balancing on his body’s shadow –

   his ordinary mouth pursed in the words
   he never said out loud. Even now

   he doesn’t want your help. He’s determined
   to be a man of certainty. Yet you can see

    through his transparent skin something
   indescribable:

   Your furious father, you kind father,
   your father who vanished before your eyes.

We are given everything we need to know about this father in tidy couplets, with the father’s life seemingly summed up in the final stanza.

   In all of the poems in this book, Iuppa freezes moments with words that act like strokes of a paintbrush. In “Portrait of Lighthouse with Irises” we see what the poet sees:

    Against a sapphire sky,
   this whitewashed lighthouse,
   constant solemn face, searches

   the wide sea for any breach--
   whale or ship, rising up
   in the swell of tide…

    Noise of buoy bells,
   a rusty gate’s hinge,
   gulls’ wheedling cry--
   morning and night spent
   leaning forward – open-eyed
   indigo irises grow brighter

    than torches set to burn –
   no one can say how long
   eternal will keep.

We have this beautifully well-crafted moment full of precise imagery that appeals to the senses. But Iuppa doesn’t settle for mere description. She infuses the poem the lighthouse suddenly becoming a face that is searching the ocean and performing the function of the lighthouse. A startling moment inside the bigger moment.

   Poem after poem is filled with this technique, this perfect setting up, through sensory detail, into a deeper emotional resonance. In “Yellow Rice” the poem opens with us watching rice boil.

    One cup of yellow rice spilled
   into a glass pot full of cold
   water - everything settled –

   The gas stove’s blue
   flame sputtered – the lid
   fitted securely, and I looked

    away, and back
   again, though
   the pot’s vision,

    air’s beaded lines bubbling
   up – here, then there – then
   more lines, and more,

    until there’s a cloud
   of steam, roiling
   to a boil – I could barely

    see yellow plumping
   up in a surge of saffron
   so familiar and lonesome.

So far, we have this very studied moment of the rice, the flames, the air around it, then wham…

    As a child I was left alone –
   I didn’t question the empty
   spaces at the kitchen table.

   Those empty spaces
   still here, and there.
   Thin lines of breath.

She has deftly connected us back to the air around the pot.

   The glass pot uncovered,
   Steamy yellow rice,
   scooped up into a blue bowl –

    Eaten quickly
   on a rainy evening –
   another new year.


There is so much that is unspoken here, just under the surface. We feel the loneliness, the resignation to the loneliness as it is brought up in the act of cooking, then tamped back down into the everyday. This might be a motion that is recreated by each of us countless times in our own daily lives, and we recognize this very easily.

    In the poem, “Evidence,” the beauty of a park is described:

    Dwindling winter afternoon, walking
   in the park where anapestic beeches
   line the path to the lake’s shore,

   sunlight radiates within clumps
   of red osier and feathery
   pampas grass.

The details here are very sharp, but now we move in closer,

   The stillness contradicts hours
   of last night’s wind sweeping
   the littered beach, clean.

    Gulls weep and circle as we
   look at this lonely
   expanse, at love’s initials
   gouged into the beeches’
   silvery back and wonder
   what s cursed here…

and closer…

   Standing on sand, we
   have separate thoughts.
   The temperature,
   strangely mild.
   I turn away from you
   to find a loon’s father,
   black with two small windows
   of white on its tip.

and finally…

   A prediction.
   I hold onto it
   and don’t say a word.

   This collection is one you can sit back with and enjoy the combination of craft and emotion. Engaging and unassuming in its presentation, with its easy form and accessible language, it will welcome you into its world. But for all of that ease, every line is exquisitely crafted, and every poem pays off with an emotional connection that is organically rendered and enormously satisfying, and certainly ones you will not soon forget.

August 2017

RESURRECTION OF A SUNFLOWER
AN ANTHOLOGY EDITED
By Catfish McDaris
and Marc Pietrzykowski, Editors
PSKI'S PORCH PUBLISHING, LOCKPORT, NY ISBN-13:978-0998847603

By: Francine Witte

One knows what to expect when visiting the Van Gogh Museum in the Netherlands -- sunflowers, starry nights, the Van Gogh we know. But this museum is dedicated to his paintings, which tell us part of a story, limited to the visual. What about the rest of the experience?
   This is where Resurrection of a Sunflower, a poetry anthology recently published by PSKI’s Porch, and curated by Catfish McDaris and Marc Pietrzykowski, steps in. The subject of course, is Vincent Van Gogh, the paintings AND the man behind the paintings. A kind of poetry museum, if you will.
   A line from the one of the anthology’s poems, “NOT ENOUGH” by Alan Britt, reads, “…one art form is not enough. One art form is only one aspect of human potential.” He goes on to say how painting can’t do what poetry can, and poetry can’t do what sculpture can and so on.
   And he is right. We can look at a painting, but the poems in Resurrection of a Sunflower takes us deeper-- the thoughts, the imagined observations of family and friends of Van Gogh. Some of the poems in this collection are ekphrastic responses to the Master's work.
Grouped by poet, many of whom have nearly 10 poems each, this is a hefty volume. It allows us to appreciate the voice of the individual poet rather than comparing one poem about the sunflowers to another poem about the sunflowers.
You can’t think of Van Gogh without thinking of The Ear. The Bandage. But Neil Ellman’s poem “Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear” takes one step further, in a way only the written word can, into what Van Gogh might have been thinking:

        When the deed was done
       I could no longer hear my art
       the sound of oils
       moving the river across
       a barren land
       of paint drying
       under an obdurate sun –
       the price I paid
       and must endure
       to live in the silence
       of my art
       with little left
       but my visions in a dream.

Ellman also writes about the other themes we associate with Van Gogh, the starry night, the irises.
   Other poets employ this same strategy of the painting as prompt.  Charles Joseph speaks to Vincent directly in “Head of a Skeleton with a Burning Cigarette”

       Vincent, I’m sure that this self-portrait
       is a much better depiction of you
       than you would have cared to admit

       so I imagine that that’s why
       you tried to trick me into believing
       that these bones belong to someone else
       by smoking a cigarette here instead of a pipe.

       But with the layers stripped away
       the darkness of your torment
       is much more visible to me here
       than anywhere else

       so I’m not fooled, just sad
       each time I think about
       how vulnerable you truly were.

   Of course, the poems must be able to stand alone, and they do, as evidenced by Lisa Stice’s “Wheatfield with Crows” which does not need you to reference a painting or even Van Gogh.

       the birds are hungry
       steal from golden fields
       gold before the reaping

       and here am I, hungry
       with an ache that burns
       like fields on fire

   As you would expect, in any museum, there are standouts.  George Wallace ends each poem in his section with detailed notes, informing readers as to its genesis. But it is Wallace’s artistry, the characteristic music of his poetry that enchant.

       Missing Portrait

       East of coffins, in the manner of all eyes which cannot quite read the
       sky, uncertain eyes set in a bold fabric of arabesques, landscapes
       printed with cornflowers and forget me nots, eyes like coiled rope,
       oilrags piled in a corner of the rooms, painting what you are told not to
       paint, with your hands, with your eyes, with your mouth and your beard…

Similarly, Sudeep Adhikari creates magic with language in “The World is a Symbol":

       The glitter from the wings of dusted ghosts; drapes the city
       and my head in a single gold.
       the sad joy of the never-ending present. The pain and
       elation of being a mad passion…

Carol Alexander charms us with her artistry in “Redux”

       The yellow blooms of Auvers, stippled in the grass.
This warm morning of his last spring, in a field
that has defied March to the teeth, sprawl the hasty stems
and the girl child with eyes of Frisian blue.

   The combination of words, image, and language, make for an incredibly satisfying experience. As you read through Resurrection of a Sunflower, you may find yourself researching the paintings you are not familiar with, and the ones you are familiar with will take on an added layer.
   In “NOT ENOUGH,” Alan Britt ends with the thought that “the human soul requires nourishment from all directions.” Each art form, be it music, painting, poetry is only one piece of a larger puzzle. It is this blending of art forms, these poems in response to the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh that make both the paintings and poetry even larger than they individually are.

Full list of contributors

Ryan Quinn Flanagan, Catfish McDaris, Mendes Biondo,Charles Joseph,Daniel Snethen,Bryn Fortey, Alan Britt, Rona Fitzgerald, Sudeep Adhikari, Kevin Peery, Clint Margrave, Brenton Booth, Ali Znaidi, Wayne F. Burke, George Wallace, Kerry Trautman, David Cravens, Adrian Manning, Eve Brackenbury, Richard Wink, Neil Ellman, Victor Clevenger, Guinotte Wise, Chigger Matthews, Bob Holman, Robert Lee Kendrick, Lisa Stice, James Benger, Lylanne Musselman, Ndaba Sibanda, Yoby Henthorn, Tim Staley, Debi Swim, Sheikha A, Subhadip Majumdar, Carol Alexander, Jonny Huerta, Lisa Wiley, Bob Kunzinger, Mary Ellen Talley, Jay Passer, Judith Berke, Hillary Leftwich, Claus Ankersen, Dan Sicoli, Dr. Marianne Szlyk, Perry S. Nicholas, Kerry Rawlinson, Huang Xiang, David S. Pointer, Ally Malinenko, Su Zi, John Grochalski, Norman J. Olson, Doug Mathewson, Donald Armfield, Marc Pietrzykowski, Heller Levinson, Nina Bennett, Floyd Salas, Maja Trochimczyk, Karen Greenbaum-Maya, Connie Ramsay Bott.

Publisher's note: George Wallace, Neil Ellman, Carol Alexander, Judith Berke and Marianne Szlyk have all appeared in SoFloPoJo.

May 2017

Enter Here
by Alexis Rhone Fancher
KYSO Flash Press, Seattle, Washington
ISBN: 978-0-9862703-7-6

by Francine Witte

If a poetry collection could pout its red lips and run its manicured fingers down a stockinged leg, that would be Enter Here, the latest book by Alexis Rhone Fancher. This is a masterful mashup of sex, noir, and storytelling, all set against a California backdrop and dotted throughout with Fancher’s gorgeous photography. In fact, it’s through Fancher’s photographic eye that you experience these poems. Details smartly set up the scene, and as a master of the zoom, Fancher knows just when to focus in on the exact right moment.

And she also knows how to bring out the snoop in her reader. You may, at times, feel as though you’re listening to stories you probably shouldn’t be, watching scenes you ought to turn away from. But with her skilled craftsmanship and compelling characters, you will not want to. The book opens with a conversation we can’t help but want to eavesdrop on. “When I turned fourteen, my mother’s sister took me to lunch and said:”

        Soon you’ll have breasts. They’ll mushroom
       on your smooth chest like land mines.

        A boy will show up, a schoolmate, or the gardener’s son.
       Pole-cat around you. All brown-eyed persistence.

The girl’s aunt continues, detailing the time-line of this relationship until…

       Soon he will deceive you with your younger sister,
       the girl who once loved you most in the world.

This is a stunning moment in the poem, revealing the backstory of the aunt’s own experience with betrayal. We have been happily taking in the imagery, the bond between the aunt and her niece, everything going so well, until that moment of pow!, where the speaker reveals a tiny detail that spins the poem around the inside of your brain. Not surprising that this poem was included in the 2016 edition of  Best American Poetry. In “Tuesday Nights, Room 28 of the Royal Motel on Little Santa Monica” we meet John Colton, who has a wife, but meets the speaker on a weekly basis, likes to watch her “vamp for him in the steamed-up bathroom,” and holds her “like I matter.” This last detail highlights how Fancher injects a moment of poignancy into this seemingly hard-boiled account of loveless sex. We zoom in further to this “relationship” as he “brushes the hair from my face,/plants a kiss on my forehead.” We feel the vulnerability. In one tiny moment, Fancher has told us the story within the story. Another intriguing character is the “Sad Waitress at the Diner in Barstow” who seems typically detached as you might expect, “beyond the kitchen’s swinging door,/ beyond the order wheel” and the beautifully carved diner experience, then out of nowhere, this bland, forgettable waitress suddenly springs to life:

       Watch as she eyes those 18-wheelers barreling
      down the highways, their mud guards
       adorned with chrome silhouettes of naked women
       who look nothing like her

       the cruel sun throws her inertia in her face.
       this is what regret looks like.

        maybe she’s searching for that hot day in August
       when she first walked away from you.

Suddenly we have a mystery, a femme fatale, perhaps.
Fancher’s storytelling takes us to the Mojave Desert in “Regarding the Unreliability of Buses in the Desert in Late July.” Here we meet the cast of a tragic story: a girl who “wouldn’t last the afternoon, …the man who picks her up and tells the police ‘it was like a dream,’ and the girl’s mother who salutes the girl’s faded photograph and says “nothing ages a woman like a dead kid” A chilling story told through image. Then there is the sad “For Kate in Absentia” a conversation in which the speaker advises Kate how her husband is moving on after her death.

        …His new love lives close by.
       He returned from her arms, all sparkly, school-
       boy giddy. Not like last year,

        when he was walking wounded, watching
       his cell-phone video of your forest burial,...

The poem continues how the new love is a married woman. Kate, the deceased woman, whispers to the speaker:

       Watch out for my husband…
       he’s always been naïve.

Photography and language mix beautifully in “Daylight Savings Won’t Save Us,”

       If I pull the drapes it is always night.

       I cannot see the seasons,
       or you, sneaking off in the half-light
       like there’s someplace you’d rather be.

       Come Monday, it will grow cold and dark
       before people leave work.

        Maybe you should go with them?

       When I photograph you,
       I stash my feelings in my pocket
       where you won’t find them,
       where the fabric sticks to my

May 2017 Guest Review

Scald
by Denise Duhamel
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017
$15.95, 112 pages
ISBN: 9780822964506

by Charles Rammelkamp

“Let’s scold and scald. Let’s be skalds – poets who write of heroic deeds,” Denise Duhamel writes in “Scalding Cauldron,” from her new collection, exhorting all “Cosmic, Counterclock-Wise, Crackpot Crones,” all “Goddesses and Goofballs…Gyno-centric Gals,” all “Pagans, Pixies, Prideful Prunes” to rise up against the patriarchal order that has so thoroughly fucked up the earth and society, culture and civilization.

Arranged in three sections, each dedicated to a feminist thinker/activist – Shulamith Firestone, Andrea Dworkin and Mary Daly (Wickedary Mary) – the poems in Scald, many of them pantoums and villanelles, seethe with the absurdity that so often characterizes the plight of women. These forms, with their braiding, weaving, repetitive rhythms, are so appropriate for Duhamel’s theme, stuttering and staggering through history and time, especially the pantoum, which ends where it begins, invoking the image of the Ouroboros, the serpent with its tail in its mouth. Indeed, “Snake Pantoum,” from the final section, begins and ends with the line, “Once the snake was like the moon.” The twelve quatrains of the poem develop the symbolic image of the snake that contains eternal life, female fecundity, phallic energy, menstruation, knowledge, good and evil, and finally, corruption. The poem’s final stanza reads:

When there’s nowhere to go but guilt,
women become eternally maligned –
snake charmers, dragon ladies, old birds.
Once the snake was like the moon.

While it would be misleading to say that certain poems in Scald “belong” to a particular section, the poems in the Shulie section are more devoted to the idea of the biological female – “Helen Hamilton Gardener’s Brain,” “Conceptual Villanelle,” “Reproduction Pantoum,” and the grandmammy of them all, “Darwinian Pantoum,” among them. By contrast, many of the poems in the Andrea section address the idea of women as sexual objects. Dworkin, of course, famously wrote about porn (Pornography: Men Possessing Women) – “Fornicating,” “Sex Dream,” “Rated R,” and “Porn Poem (with Andrea Dworkin)” among them. The poems in the Wickedary Mary section are more apocalyptic than anything – “The End Is Coming,” “Americas,” “Recycling,” “The Things That Can Never Come Back.” But “Our Lady of the Milk”? This could be in the Shulie section. The point is that the poems in Scald themselves braid and weave throughout the collection. History overlaps, time circles back. This is exemplified in the final poem of the Andrea section, “Maybe Your East Village Was Better Than Mine: A Braided Poem,” a seven-page poem that compares the experiences of Baby Boomers, Generation X and Millennials, sometimes similar, sometimes not. The poems ends:

I wish I could have seen Hair on Broadway,
those twenty seconds when actors stood naked

behind a scrim, chanting “beads, flowers, freedom,
and happiness.” I’ve always wanted
to step back, but just a little bit, in time.

This idea is echoed in another pantoum, “What Child Is This?” The poem begins with the line: “In 1871, it was common to parody evolution.” It ends nineteen stanzas later: “In 1975, no girl could afford to parody feminism.” Duhamel manages to mention all the American heavyweight feminist theorists in Scald, Betty Friedan, Nancy Friday, Gloria Steinem, even Eve Ensler and Helen Reddy. What ties this collection together, though, of course, is what Maureen Seaton calls “that special Denise-ness”: “the humor, the witchcraft, the history, the culture.” As she concludes the poem, “The End Is Coming”:

What will this matter in a year from now,
a week from now? Will it really even matter
tomorrow? I will laugh my last breath
though it’s no laughing matter.
It’s just the way some of us cope.

She’s helping us all cope! “What if death is an ambulance to the future?” (a repeated line in the final poem of the collection, “The Things That Can Never Come Back”) This “Denise-ness” is on full display in the poem, “Bikini Kill Villanelle” (which is fun to say!): the humor, the flux of feminism in history and culture, the witchcraft. I confess, I’d never heard of Bikini Kill, that I remember, a 1990’s radical feminist punk band from Olympia, Washington, but their song, “Rebel Girl,” from their 1993 debut CD, Pussy Whipped, was an anthem for the riot grrrl feminist punk movement.

Whatever happened to those Riot Grrrl
fanzines? Extra r’s slashed to “girl power,”
the growl softened by the mainstream Spice Girls

who, in black Wonderbras, spout faux pearls
of wisdom and flirt with Matt Lauer.
Whatever happened to those Riot Grrrls –

Tobi Vail’s drums, Kathleen Hanna’s snarls?
I put batteries in dancing flowers
that boogied down with the mainstream Spice Girls.

Kurt Cobain knew music’s future was girls,
their pink/punk scalding fury and glower.
Whatever happened to those Riot Grrrls

happened to us, too. Revolution swirled
with sugar in blenders. We devoured
the stuff, sweetened by the mainstream Spice Girls.

Women do crunches, pushups and leg curls
so they’ll look good at cocktail hour.
Whatever happened to those Riot Grrrls
who kicked open that door for the Spice Girls?

Scald is a terrific, humorous, thought-provoking collection. I can’t imagine anybody not enjoying and being impressed by it.

February 2017

NOT ALL FIRES BURN THE SAME
BY FRANCINE WITTE

By Alec Solomita

In her latest chapbook, Francine Witte’s preoccupations haven’t changed. She continues to write about runaway men, dying relatives, loquacious animals, and the futility of hope and its necessity. Also intact are her gift for ingenious metaphor, conversation-like verses that pack a subtle rhythm, and the ability to leap into the minds and hearts of others. But in Not All Fires Burn the Same (Slipstream 2016), she’s challenged herself to write with more indirection, braver and broader tropes, and white-hot anger tempered with a new, mature resignation. Although her poems are still “accessible,” they are also more likely to progress in imagery as well as argument. And the reader is the grateful beneficiary.
   The first poem, “Breaking Sky,” exhibits the poet’s ambitiousness. From the first extravagant lines: “A piece of sky breaks off/and falls into your coffee cup,” the speaker escorts the reader to her own birth (“… How you were/once the star she pushed out of her/body…”) then takes a delicate turn to sorrow.

“And now it’s your turn, time to reshape
your mouth, learn the language your

mother now speaks, where she doesn’t
quite remember you and says your name

like it’s a miracle or a bathroom fixture.
You know that soon the earth will have

to change, open its skin and scar itself
back around her coffin. …”

The shift to dementia is quietly heartbreaking as is the un-birthing into the living earth. It’s a poignant poem that almost coerces you to turn the page, where more often than not you’ll find something completely different. “Daylights” is a cautionary tale about keeping your mouth shut if you’ve slept with your friend’s wife. It’s very tough, very funny, and very good advice. The whimsical “Wolf Logic” shows off Witte’s expansiveness with metaphor. Like several of her poems here, the whole piece is an extended metaphor, the hapless wolf who envies humans:

And finally, he’d tell you that he’d kill
for an hour when he isn’t being
gnawed by hunger or living on constant
alert. And how would it be to curl up
with a book, how good, in fact, to read.
And how wonderful if he needed more light,
to not have to wait for the moon.

Witte also has a knack for compression, summoning up an entire scene with just a few words. In “Weather Wins” she writes:

“Elsewhere the weather
is winning in quieter ways;
the sun toasting its own
tasty beach-morsels, girls
in bikinis, salty surfer dudes.
Forcing young lust to insure
that the species goes on.”

“Salty surfer dudes”! There’s a whole summer in the phrase.

   In “My Dead Florida Mother Meets Gandhi,” Witte masterfully combines the surreal with the quotidian; an unlikely, delightful conversation in paradise brings back sadly vivid memories. Gandhi, “taking a gulp of heaven air, lavender and cool,” complains about the India heat: “‘To be honest,’ he says, ‘I hated it,’” wishing that he’d spent his time in Greenland instead with arctic ice and polar bears. “‘You did good,’” the Dead Florida Mother reassures Gandhi:

“… She looks
at him the way she looked at me when Davey Goldfarb
called to say that, yeah, he was gay, after all. The way
she looked at me the night my husband said that by other

women, he meant our neighbor Ruth, and the way she looked
at me the last time in the nursing home as if to say
it’s not your fault, it’s not.”

As in her earlier poetry, particularly the chapbook First Rain, Witte still has something to say – or vent – about both wayward husbands and absent fathers, more effectively with the former than the latter. One of two poems about fathers dips just slightly into bathos. In “I always called them needle trees,” about a father who visits once a year, purportedly to see the evergreens at holiday time, the line “He told me he loved them/because they didn’t die” sentimentally pre-figures the father’s own death. “Turning,” about a man’s chimerical lies to his daughter (“The angels are flying south/for the winter, my father said,/ pointing to the fast-moving clouds.”) is more compelling, just skimming like those clouds above the maudlin.

Witte has always written acutely about the faithlessness of men and the yearning of abandoned wives and lovers. Here, however, there is a new combination of resignation and hardness. The title poem is a sly tour de force of shape-shifting metaphor. It begins with forest fires on the evening news, which the second-person protagonist watches “… safe behind your TV tray,/feeling smug and oh so cool. Not at all/like those fires you started as a kid …” and “nothing like the fire of your husband/and his other woman, how you thought/he should be strong enough to reason/her away. …” And in the end, the husband returns like a failed firefighter, “full of dead smoke and regret.” And, although she “could taste the ashes still in his mouth,” she takes him back – but the reader gets the sense not for long.

   In “Convenience,” we encounter a kind of collapse of nerve – or is it the beginning of wisdom? The cheating husband doesn’t trigger his savvy wife’s anger so much as a mild disgust with “loving a no-good man, unable to walk away.” And she even empathizes with the woman her husband texts in the convenience store parking lot as she goes in to buy some milk. She feels “more like a painsister/than a wounded wife.” The poem “Not only” offers another kind of response to betrayal. In a series of surreal, scary images, we are shown the rage and entitlement of a woman deceived.

“... Somewhere, a woman
was up there with her man …
… she billowed a blanket
above the bed that was only
half-slept in. …
… Love graveyard
she thought, and that’s when
she heard the birds, all of them gone
vulture now. Tapping their beaks
at the window pane, hungry to gnaw
on the corpse.”

Yes, not all fires burn the same.

November 2016

Mistaking Each Other For Ghosts
By Lawrence Raab

By Francine Witte

With Halloween just past and the following Day of the Dead, leaves drying, snapping off and swirling to the ground, Autumn is a ghosty season. Lawrence Raab’s eighth full-length collection of poetry, Mistaking Each Other for Ghosts (Tupelo Press 2015) fits right in with that idea.
   Poetry itself has a ghostiness to it. It flitters by, quietly clattering the air, untouchable to our hands, but not our souls. Raab’s poetry deftly exhibits these characteristics. Accessible in its language, but skillfully crafted, each poem comes in, sits its invisible self next to you and takes its corporeal shape.
   In “The Mortality of Books” he muses on the memories that everyday objects can awaken, in this case, books. How the simple act of picking up a book can take you back to “the afternoon you first held it in your hands.” He describes that day:

   “The sun was out, the books were shining
   in their displays, along the avenue,
   and you were certain you’d fallen in love.

    Remember that day”
   Everything was a bargain. And mortality?
   That was an idea,
   one word among the others.”

The book has become a ghost that evokes many other ghosts.

   Then, there is the appearance of a non-ghost. In a poem I very much enjoyed, “Ophelia at Home” which is told in the voice of Hamlet’s often-pitied girlfriend. Here, Ophelia corrects our mistaken notions about her:

   “I didn’t drown. All those eloquent
   were a misunderstanding”

She goes on to explain that she went on to have a very compete life in another town, that she didn’t not want to correct the story everyone believed, and how she trusted that Hamlet loved her “even when he said he didn’t” because “I was a girl, after all./I wanted things to work out.”

   Then there is the theme of not seeing the significance of something as it is happening. Sort of a musing on the future ghosts of any given moment that continues to happen and grow long after it has taken place. In “Last Evening” he watches the birds:

   “Swallows dash through the twilight
   and I don’t think about
   what they might mean. Or I didn’t

   just then. They swooped in and were gone.
   It got dark. One more bird song
   briefly off in the trees, and I felt

   grateful to be standing there, letting
   the moment pass through me
   as if that was all that had to happen.”


Throughout the book, we see the flipping back and forth or time, the past infusing the present, the present making sense of the past.

   Then, there are Raab’s musings, as seen in “I Was Just Wondering”

   “If the universe keeps expanding
   where is it going, and what
   was here before?”

Here Raab, also a screenwriter, uses the cinematic technique of establishing shot in this first stanza. He sets up a question but soon begins to zoom in. The speaker goes on to question the necessity of deer ticks and diseases. His questions become deeper and more pointed as the poem goes on.

   “And don’t tell me there’s a plan
   but we’re not supposed to know
   how it works. What’s the point of guessing””

He ends the poem with a simple, yet rattling statement. “Don’t tell me we shouldn’t be afraid.”

   The book is divided into four sections, the final one called “A Cup That Turns into a Rose” which had been published as a chapbook in 2012. Here, the tone is decidedly more narrative and prose-like than the previous sections. This seems natural for this kind of content and length. But for the shift of tone, it is no less engaging and beautifully rendered.

    “A few notes from a piano
   and night descends. Later the wind
   moves east, shaking the loose doors of houses
   all along the coast. In one of those
   frail cabins we were sleeping.”

   The poems in this collection are a beautiful demonstration of Raab’s masterful ability to reach his unseen hand, his ghostpoetry hand and stroke, or even grab us, whichever he needs to do at any given moment. He blends the past, present , and future into one, and makes us realize how dependent they all are upon one another. This is a wonderful combination of philosophy, insight, poetic language and technique that will satisfy not only in autumn but any season, any year, anytime.

August 2016

A Simple Blues With a Few Intangibles
By George Wallace

By Benjimen Myers

It is a well-known story that the invention of the typewriter changed modern poetry, reorienting composition from the aural to the visual and giving us e.e. Cummings and Ezra Pound. Reading George Wallace’s A Simple Blues with a Few Intangibles, however, one is reminded of the aesthetic impact of another twentieth century technology: the phonograph. With the invention of the record and the record player, we subtly shifted from thinking about art as a product to thinking about it as a process: not the sheet music to Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik but the way Coltrane played “Naima” on a particular night at the Village Vanguard. Of course, this shift was also inspired by the French avant-garde – particularly the spontaneous poetics of the surrealists and Dadaists – but the technology of music recording and the improvisational influence of jazz are at the heart of a new spirit of improvisation and a new privileging of process over product in American art beginning around midcentury. This new way produced painters like Jackson Pollack, composers like John Cage, and poets like Alan Ginsberg and Frank O’Hara. George Wallace is carrying forward that improvisational spirit.
   The great French poet Mallarme famously insisted that poems are not made out of ideas but rather out of words, and Wallace’s poems are made out of words the same way Pollack’s paintings are made out of paint – not a medium to see through but rather the thing to be seen. In some sense, whatever else they are about, these poems are about the energy of words, as Pollack’s paintings are, at least in part, about the energy of paint and Coltrane’s music is about the energy of sound. Consider these opening lines from “Bent Pistons, Kites Flying in the Harmless Wind”:

       Landscape, sound of a landscape,
       sound of women and men in landscapes,
       smoking, sweating, oil pouring out of cans,
       polishing new steel against old stone,
       women and men drinking from a ladle,
       dream weaving, lazy, lazy, back to work[.]

With effort and imagination, one might extract a narrative situation here, and there are certainly plenty of concrete images to give the lines solidity. What obviously matters most here, however, is the sound. Wallace uses alliteration and assonance the way an abstract painter uses color. Similarly, in the poem “Jonesing with Moses on the High Tide Line,” we get enough direct statement and imagery to catch on that the poem is “about” a car ride, but the nature of the ride is conveyed primarily through the propulsion of the diction, particularly when the title phrase is repeated. Perhaps I’m just a square, but I have no idea what “Jonesing with Moses on the high tideline” means. I do, however, really love to say it, and I feel in the phrase a forward movement, a momentum that makes the poem a delight. This feeling of momentum runs throughout the book, frequently reinforced with images of the automobile and the great American highway. “This is America waiting for a ride the highway swings / the oracle speaks” read the first lines of the first poem in the book, with too much energy to be slowed down by punctuation. These poems should be read aloud.
   Wallace is clearly writing in the tradition of the Beat poets and makes several direct references to Kerouac and Ginsburg, along with many references to the jazz music that was such a part of the Beat aesthetic. In “Brooklyn 1956” he picks up Ginsburg’s distinct cadence: “Momma you and your infallible flashbulb head, momma you and your tip of the tongue, momma you and your television manners and sharp eyes like the edge of a nail file. Toasterwife. Lionmouth.” The daring, impromptu word combinations also have an air of Ginsburg about them. Following in the footsteps of Kerouac and co. has led many poets into the realm of pure shtick, but Wallace is too good of a poet for that. He has the ear and the depth to avoid mere imitation. These poems don’t read like an imitation, or even an homage, so much as a carrying forward of the Beat style. Reinvigorating the Beat legacy seems to me a great way to inject some much needed energy into contemporary American poetry.
   Wallace’s roots clearly extend back past the Beats, however, all the way to the French avant-garde of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first verse paragraph of “The Architecture of Love Memory Death and Desire,” for instance, would be at home in a volume of Baudelaire or Rimbaud, were the allusions not so distinctly American: “There’s no use crying like an idiot child, life is an assassin, chewing on a toothpick, wearing a film noir raincoat and grinning like Bogart and Bacall, and beauty walks by on crooked feet, finger on the trigger, ready to shoot you up or shoot you out of its mouth, and love is nervous as a cat in the southern zone and I am looking for evidence of the sacred in the flesh, and love is always right there behind me or right around the corner, ready to brain me with a cobblestone or the butt end of a handgun.” In “A Radio Believes it is Singing this Song,” Wallace offers a compelling version of surrealism:

       A river looks up at
       the sun – I am fire,
       says the river, I am
       the mountain in my own
       belly, rumbling stone
       by miraculous stone
       to the sea.

       Mira! says the river –
       Mother, look at me!

       But the rain has no eyes

True to the surrealist technique, Wallace offers the images without commentary or interpretation, but they are compelling enough on their own to suggest a depth of meaning hiding just out of sight. American poets rarely get this close to the spirit of the European avant-garde.
   While Wallace’s poems are often fascinating, frenetic machines made out of words, they are also often quite moving. A few of the poems are, given the avant-garde nature of much of the collection, surprisingly personal. There are several very powerful poems about the poet’s father. In “My Father’s Felt Fedora,” he says “I am trying to explain things / I will never understand,” a very apt job description for the poet who explores his own childhood. In “A La Vecchia Caverna” and “A Canoe Full of Monkeys,” Wallace explores early and painful sexual experiences in a way that might be called “confessional” but that avoids the narcissistic pitfalls that such work often falls into. The poems are so emotionally effective because they are not entirely self-centered. “They spoke Italian down by the boathouse, / When I was little I mean,” begins the former poem. It is striking that he makes himself almost an afterthought as he begins a poem that reveals some significant emotional scarring. In “A Canoe Full of Monkeys” the painful memory of being callously used sexually by an older girl is conveyed without melodrama and with a vivid setting of scene and description of experience – “I never tasted beer before / it was like a Saint Christopher medal / in my mouth” –that throws the emotion into high relief. This is Homeric technique and very effective.
   As anyone who has ever listened to Charlie Parker knows, improvisation is not the opposite of artful craftsmanship. Wallace’s improvisational style might distract from his compositional skill, but if one looks closer, it is easy to see that Wallace knows what he is doing. Consider this artful line break from “We Burned our Way to Nowheresville”: “a moment when time stops / worrying about itself[.]” The movement from line to line reverses the meaning so that the poem gestures in two directions almost simultaneously. This kind of technical skill enlivens the poems throughout this book. Wallace also knows how to use metaphor and simile to generate compelling, emotionally resonant imagery. Take, for example, these lines from the same poem:

       . . . and she swung me in her arms
       like a cradle, like a grave, like we were two
       shipwrecked sailors swinging in the bottomless
       pit of the same empty sea[.]

The images of the cradle and of the grave subtly and effectively color the image of the
deep sea, making the picture more vivid. Wallace’s improvisational style may suggest that he is shooting from the hip, but he obviously has put in the hours of target practice necessary to develop deadly aim.
   Like his beat predecessors, Wallace follows Whitman in a poetics of inclusiveness. The allusions in these poems range from Camus to Elmer Fudd. There is an astute elegy for Prince. Several poems are more political in subject matter. There are fast cars, blues musicians, hapless poets, lovers, and drunks. This is a meaty collection but tightly cohesive in its improvisational spirit. It is the rare volume of poetry that will appeal equally to the guys in the classic car club and to the scholars of the avant-garde in the local English department.

Benjamin Myers is the 2015-2016 Poet Laureate of the State of Oklahoma and the author of two books of poetry: Lapse Americana (New York Quarterly Books, 2013) and Elegy for Trains (Village Books Press, 2010). His poems may be read in The Yale Review, 32 Poems, Nimrod, Ninth Letter, Image and other journals. He has been honored with an Oklahoma Book Award from the Oklahoma Center for the Book and with a Tennessee Williams Scholarship from the Sewanee Writers’ Conference. His prose appears in World Literature Today, Books and Culture and other magazines. Myers teaches poetry writing and literature at Oklahoma Baptist University, where he is the Crouch-Mathis Professor of Literature.